SYNONYUY OF SOME SPECIES OF INDIAN PIERINZE, 507 
I, andamana, the dry-season form of which has recently* been named 
I. lena by Swinhoe, can only be separated from J. verna by the redder 
tinge of the apical patch on the forewing. 
I, cingalensis is a very well-marked local race, and occurs commonly 
in Southern India and Ceylon. It can be separated at once from all 
other forms of yellow Jas by the greater extent of the basal yellow 
of the forewing, which spreads into the upper median interspace ; the 
British Museum has specimens of typical I. cingalensis from Ceylon 
alone, and of the dry-season form [. kausala, Moore (which is in- 
separable from I. jhoda, Swinhoe), only from the Bombay Presidency. 
Both forms, however, occur in the utmost profusion throughout the 
whole of Southern India, and I have numerous specimens from the 
Nilgiris, Madras, and Ganjam ; some of these specimens are distinctly 
intermediate to I. pyrenassa, but nothing approaching I. pyrene or 
JI. evippe occurs in Southern India. 
A form rather intermediate between the dry-season and wet-season 
forms, but nearer the latter, is figured on Plate II (fig. 23) from a male 
taken at Madras at the end of April, and the extreme of the dry-season 
form (I. kausala) at fig. 24 from a male taken at Surada, Ganjam, in 
January. 
My conclusions on the pyrene group of Ixias are that, as far as the 
Indian region is concerned, the parent form is represented by 
I. pyrenassa, which occurs typically wherever yellow Jaias are found, 
with the exception of the Andamans and Ceylon; that the forms 
I. cingalensis, I. pyrene, and I. evippe are fairly well-marked local races, 
not yet fully established; and that J. citrina, I. verna, and I. andamana 
are paler island forms, the two former of which extend to the adjacent 
mainland. 
I. marianne of Cramer is the common white Jzias which occurs 
throughout Southern and Western India. Typical J. marianne, which 
has been re-named J. cwmballa by Swinhoe, represents the extreme of 
the rainy-season form. The dry-season form has been named 
I, agniverna by Moore, and re-named J. depalpura by Butler, An 
intermediate form has been named J. meridionalis by Swinhoe. The 
males of these three forms differ comparatively slightly ; in fact, males 
of I. marianne and I. meridionalis are hardly distinguishable, The 
* Ann. and Mag, of Nat. Hist., sixth series, Vol. V, p. 357, n. 7 (1890). 
