SYNONYMY OF SOME SPECIES OF INDIAN PIERINZ. 511 
d'. Upperside, forewing, marginal band obsolete from lower 
radial to outer angle, appearing only as dots at the 
extremities of the nervules. 
T. aprcatis, Moore. 
The minor characteristics given above for separating the different 
forms are taken almost entirely from the type specimens of the re- 
spective “ species.” It is needless to say that the specimens arranged 
under each name in the British Museum are not true to the type, 
but show every gradation from one form to another, if one judges 
by the characters taken above. These characters (the apical 
marking on the underside of the forewing and the shape of the 
marginal band of the forewing on the upperside) have been 
taken as they are the ones on which the describers of the forms 
have based their “ species,” but they are eminently variable and 
unreliable, nor have I been able to find a single constant character 
to separate the forms shown under Section B ; and until some constant 
character is shown, these forms should, in my opinion, be all classed 
under the name T. hecabe. . 
The distinctions between Sections A and B may appear trivial, but 
they appear to be absolutely constant. The three markings in the cell 
of the forewing of 7. silhetana are all confined to the basal half of the 
cell, and consist of a highly zigzag, somewhat 3-shaped, marking, 
slightly nearer to the base than to the end of the cell, inside of which 
is a somewhat similar but shorter streak, and at the extreme base 
of the cell there is a small rounded spot. These three markings 
are absolutely constant in JT. silhetanain all its forms,and of 
the large number of this species which I have taken in copuld, 
the males and females invariably presented the same markings 
in the cell, while the apical markings differed from typical 
T. silhetana to typical T. mergwana. In no form of T. hecabe 
are there more than two markings in the cell, and in the extremes of 
the wet-season form one or both are frequently absent, though 
they appear to be invariably present in the dry-season forms, When 
present, these markings consist of a streak inwardly concave, somewhat 
variable in size and shape, situated in the same place as the 3-shaped 
marking in 7. silhetana, and a second small spot, either linear or 
rounded, similarly situated to the second streak in T. silhetana, while 
