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XII.— NOTES ON SOME EECENT DISCOVEEIES OF INTE- 

 EEST IN THE GEOLOGY. OF THE PUNJAB SALT 

 KANGE. By A. B. WYNNE, F.G.S., F.K.G.S.L 



[Read, February 17, 1886.] 



Having written several Reports and Papers upon the Geology of 

 the Salt Range, I may be excused from any lengthened discussion 

 of the subject now ; but it is necessary here — at the distance of 

 some 5000 to 6000 miles from that region — to allude briefly to the 

 position of the Range, and to some of its general features in order 

 that the points I have to notice may be better understood. 



Geographically, the Salt Range is somewhat peculiarly situated, 

 subtending an angle formed by the meeting of two great moun- 

 tain systems, the Himalaya on one side, and the Suliman Range, 

 associated with the mountains of Afghanistan and Beluchistan, 

 upon the other. 



From the thrust, apparently, communicated by these ponder- 

 ous mountain masses the Salt Range seems to have been distorted 

 along its general line of direction, as if forced to adapt itself to 

 narrower limits than its full extent would occupy. It presents a 

 grand facade of bold escarpments towards the plains and desert to 

 the south, rising above these generally some 2000 feet, with a cul- 

 minating elevation at Sakesir Peak of more than 5000 feet. From 

 a northerly aspect, the whole range and its plateaux form, rela- 

 tively speaking, a much less lofty feature, bordering the steppe-like 

 upland, undulating country, called the Potwar, or Rawul Pindi 

 District, which rises say 1600 to 1700 feet above the sea. 



Eliminating the numerous fractured or more complete curva- 

 tures of its strata, the Salt Range may be regarded as presenting, 

 otherwise, a generally uniclinal or semi- anticlinal structure, the 

 outcrops in most cases being presented to the south, and the whole 

 series of which it is formed taking ground so as to pass beneath 

 the Potwar, northwards. 



Amongst its many interesting features, it may be noticed 

 that the Salt Range is both geologically and economically 



