330 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 



the European tin, which had been imported into India by th© 

 Greeks and Romans, &c, came to be fully realized. 



Hasht Dhat (Hindustani) (lit. "eight metals") — as described 

 in the Ain-i-Akbari, consists of a mixture of gold, silver, copper, 

 tin, iron, lead, rotutia, and kanseh, the last being a kind of 

 bronze, consisting of copper and tin in the proportions of 4 : 1 

 [see Gladwin's ed., vol. i. p. 40). 



Khar sini (Arabic) (= Alkali of China) is the name given by 

 Kazvini to zinc in the 13th century, according to Newbold {see 

 J.A.S.D., vol. xiii. p. 656). 



Pital (Hin.). — See Birinj. 



Rotutia. — In the Ain-i-Akbari this is enumerated as one of the 

 seven known metals, the others being gold, silver, copper, tin, iron, 

 and lead. The translator, in a footnote, calls it " a kind of native 

 pewter." As elsewhere mentioned, Abdul Fazl includes brass 

 (and roicey, an alloy of copper and lead) in the list of metals 

 obtained by washing in the rivers of Sabah, Lahore (Gladwin's 

 Ed., vol. i. p. 40, and vol. ii. p. 109). Tutia, according to Colonel 

 Yule [Glossary), is the Persian for oxide of zinc, and is the base of 

 the word Tootnague, q. v. 



Spelter, Spiauter, Speauter, Spealter, Speltrum. — According to 

 Beckmann, this word came to us, with the commodity, from India; 

 but the derivation of the word seems doubtful. "Spelter" is at 

 present used vaguely for zinc and pewter, and as such appears in 

 the ordinary commercial trade returns of India. 



Teou-shih? (Chinese). — This name of a metal occurring at 

 Tseh-kia [i.e. Takka, on the Chenab River, in the Punjab) is men- 

 tioned in the Si-yu-ki, a Chinese work, compiled in a.d. 646, and 

 of which an edition has recently been edited by Mr. Samuel Beale, 

 who says (p. 165) : " The teou-shih, of which such frequent men- 

 tion is made by Hieun Tsiang, is said to be a compound of equal 

 parts of copper and calamine" (see Julien). Medhurst (Diet.) 

 suggests that it is native copper, which might seem not improbable, 

 except that it occurs in some of the lists together with copper 

 (teou). 



Tomback (Hindustani). — This is a variety of brass formed of 

 zinc and copper. At one time it was regarded as being of more 

 value than gold. It was imported from Indo-Chinese countries. 

 Colonel Yule, in his Glossary, gives several quotations as to its uses 



