O'Eeilly — The Earthquakes in Netv Zealand and Andalucia. 459 



rako, along which, from time immemorial, have existed hot springs, 

 geysers, and fumaroles, in immense numbers. 



" Such a line will also pass along the wall-like western face of 

 the Paeroa Mountain, at the base of which, in several places, hot 

 springs and fumaroles have always existed. 



" A little to the north of Paeroa is the Maounga-onga-onga Hill, 

 on which no signs of recent action is apparent ; but immediately 

 to the east of it a country with innumerable hot springs, boiling 

 mudholes, and lakelets, having on the east side the Kakaramea 

 Mountain, where thermal action is very active, the greater part of 

 the mountain having been steamed, and boiled, and coloured by 

 subterranean vapours from top to bottom. In many places it is 

 only necessary to make a hole in the surface to see the steam come 

 forth. Further to the north-east the same line strikes through 

 Eotomahana. It is thus obvious, that this line indicates an old 

 line of activity and consequent weakness of the crust of the earth, 

 and it is easy to show by varying its direction very slightly, or by 

 treating it as a band of moderate width, that its production north- 

 wards would strike White Island, whilst in the opposite direction 

 Tongariro and Euapechu form the terminal points of activity 

 southwards. "A reference to the four-mile map attached to the 

 Eeport shows that the recent eruptions have followed very closely 

 this line. Taking "Wahanga as the most northerly point of 

 activity, and Okaro Lake as the most southerly, it will be found to 

 have extended a distance of nine and a-half miles. Along this 

 line there may be said to be eight craters or points and groups of 

 eruption (using the term crater in a somewhat extended sense, to 

 include eruptions of a dissimilar character). 



"Earthquake Cracks. — The heavy earthquake at 2 a.m. on the 

 morning of the 10th June, and the constant and frequent shakes 

 and tremors since, have caused cracks in several places. In the 

 Waikorua Basin on the Eotorua- Galatea Eoad (a place where 

 several cracks, one of about half a mile long and twenty yards wide, 

 have been known from the earliest times), several new cracks have 

 appeared, but of no great extent. We counted five across the 

 path, but only one was as much as a foot in width. They 

 invariably take the line of the older cracks running north-east and 

 south-west. Mr. Morgan describes the cracks on the south side of 

 Kakaramea to be very numerous, and in one place a spur from 



