538 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 



at Killeshin, about two and a-half miles from Carlow, on the road 

 to Castleconier. The stone occurs in nearly horizontal beds, from 

 10 to 24 inches in thickness, of a brownish-grey colour, silicious, 

 naturally jointed, and easily raised. From the same strata are 

 procured the so-called " Carlow flags." The principal quarries 

 for these flags are, however, in the Co. Kilkenny, as is afterwards 

 mentioned. 



Sand and Gravel. — Sand is found in the alluvium and dilu- 

 vium, while the upper drift {Esker drift) above the boulder clay or 

 glacial drift is nearly altogether gravels and sands. These, in 

 places, are cemented into a conglomerate bed, having associated 

 with them beds of brick clay, to be subsequently mentioned in a 

 Paper on Slates and Clays. Good pit-sand can be procured in all the 

 pits, which are numerous in the valley of the Barrow, but perhaps 

 more in the Queen's County (west of the river) than in Carlow. 



There is a large extent of good p it-sand and gravel at Carlow 

 town, about the railway station, and along the roads running out 

 at that side, where they form the lower stratum of the alluvial 

 soil for a considerable distance. 



CAVAN. 



The sandstones belong to the Ordovician and the Carboni- 

 ferous. 



Ordovician. — These rocks, although of considerable extent, 

 contain few rocks eminently suitable for cut-stone purposes. Some, 

 indeed, work fairly well ; but as good limestone or sandstone of a 

 later age are conveniently situated, they are not looked after. 



Scrably. North of Lough Gowna ; eight miles from Granard. — 

 Brownish, ferriferous, slightly calcareous ; works fairly, but is 

 liable to lose its colour. 



Carboniferous (Lower Carboniferous, or Yellow Sandstone). — 

 In this group, in the neighbourhood of Cavan, there are some 

 easily- worked stones of a yellowish-grey colour, that have been 

 extensively used in the town. 



Latt and Ballyconnell (Cavan). — Yellowish- grey, silicious, dur- 

 able ; works freely. Used in the Cullen College, built 1871. 



