Kinahan — On Irish Arenaceous Rocks. 55$ 



changes in the banks have affected the infringement of the currents on the north- 

 ward coast, so that since these intakes have been made the coast-line of the North 

 Bay, that is between "Wexford and Cahore, has been much more rapidly denuded. On 

 the other hand, on the South Bay, or as it is now called on the recent charts, Bally - 

 geary Bay, the erection of the new pier at Ballygeary has quite changed the features 

 of the shores of the bay, by accumulating fulls at the base of the cliffs that previously 

 were rapidly being denuded away. This is especially the case between Ballygeary Pier 

 andGreenore, where there are now " fulls" and apparently permanent beaches in places 

 that ten years ago showed a clean-washed rock surface up to the base of the drift-cliff ; 

 these beach accumulations covering up most interesting geological sections, that pro- 

 bably will never be seen again until Ballygeary Pier has disappeared. On the south 

 coast of "Wexford the Ballyteigue flats were intaken; here also the change has had 

 great effect, as since the intake the land immediately west of the entrance to the lagoon 

 has been rapidly denuded away ; but further westward, in the vicinity of Cullenstown 

 a foreshore has grown out. If it were necessary, various other cases could be enumerated 

 where there are also changes due to human agencies. In other places changes are 

 taking place from unknown and hard- to-be-explained natural causes, fulls forrnin°- or 

 being cut out for no apparent reason. The most remarkable case that has come under 

 my observation is the tidal effect on the middle island of Arran, at the entrance of 

 Galway Bay, where the effects of the tidal currents of late years are perfectly different 

 to those a quarter of a century ago, while there seems no apparent reason for a 

 change.] 



Grood pit sand for building purposes can be obtained at Knock- 

 more, Yalley of Diamonds, and Ballywaltrim, Dargle-road, Bray ; 

 also at the Moat, Old Connaught. The last is a very superior 

 sand, very clean and sharp (silicious). It is in Lord Plunket's 

 demesne, and is not for sale, but is used by special permission for 

 any very particular stucco plastering rough-cut work. There is no 

 sand equal to it, certainly none to surpass it, in the Co. Dublin. 

 (T. B. Grierson.) The foundry sand (red) used in Dublin is im- 

 ported from Liverpool and Belfast, costing, delivered, about 15s. 

 per ton. At one time good sand came from Co. Cork, but it does 

 not seem to be used now. 



Gtlass formerly was largely manufactured ; but in 1886 there 

 were only two flint glass and seven glass bottle manufacturers. 

 Through Mr. White of Dublin we learn that at the Eingsend Bottle 

 Co.'s works the common bottle glass is " made by the fusion of 

 the following materials : sand, from the adjoining Sandy mount 

 strand ; blue clay, from Sutton strand ; waste lime, from Bewley 

 and Draper's chemical works ; kelp waste ; broken red tiles, to give 

 body ; rock salt, from Drogheda ; refuse manganese ; a small quan- 

 tity of coarse fluor-spar, and oyster shells. 



" The materials now used for the finer glass are Antwerp sand, 



