Kinahan — On Irish Arenaceous Bocks. 567 



Knocknacarra, near Barna, three miles west of Gal way, and in 

 various places in the hills of Connemara, but more especially in 

 the ridges between Kylemore Lake and the sea. In the West 

 Galway hills there are also in places large accumulations of fine 

 sand, locally called " Eabbit Sand," considerable dunes of it oc- 

 curring in the valley northward of Lough Inagh. 



In connexion with many of the lakes there are considerable 

 accumulations of good sand, that at the east end of Kylemore 

 Lough being remarkable for its size, as apparently it is quite 

 recent. At Lough Cooter, in the south of the county, is silicious 

 sand which, as in the neighbouring county of Clare, already men- 

 tioned, is famous for its use in the manufacture of scythe-boards. 



In the rivers and streams there are excellent sands, those of 

 the Grort river and neighbouring hills (Slieve Aughta) being su- 

 perior. In the north of the county there is also sand worthy of 

 note in the Erriff river that flows into the Killary, it being of 

 good quality and silicious, being made up of the detritus of the 

 Silurian sandstones from the adjoining highlands. Some of these 

 sands appear to be suitable for glass purposes, although none of 

 them ever seem to have been so utilized. 



The sea sands are of importance. Some are very suitable for 

 building purposes ; while in many places along the seaboard are 

 tracts or dunes of blown sand (JEolian drift) of greater or less 

 extent. All of these are valuable as manure for the boggy land, 

 some eminently so, being very calcareous, containing from fifty to 

 seventy-five per cent, of limy matter. In the north Sound, Gal- 

 way Bay, there are banks of sea sand made up of broken pieces of 

 nullipores. Formerly these were extensively utilized ; but they 

 have not been as much sought after since the introduction of arti- 

 ficial manure. 



[If the bog-land is impregnated with iron, the bog must be first drained before 

 sand is applied, as otherwise the sand does more harm than good. It changes the iron 

 into a soluble carbonate, in which state it is sucked up into the pores of the plants, 

 where it becomes oxidyzed, and kills or deteriorates them.] 



KERRY. 



The geological groups in which sandstones and grits occur are 

 the Ordovician, Llandovery, Silurian, Devonian, and Drift. 



In the Dingle promontory is a narrow tract of Ordovicians, 



