576 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 



Abbey (?), and Grenan Castle, in this county, the stone is the 

 same as that so largely used in Christ Church, Dublin, and 

 in the Co. Wexford, in St. Mary's New Eoss, and in Bannow 

 Church. 



Sand and (travel. — Good pit and river sand is very general 

 throughout the county. 



According to Mr. Langrish, the best sand in Kilkenny is in 

 the valley of the Nore, at the town. There are good banks else- 

 where along the river, but near Thomastown it is mixed with clay. 

 The fine sand for the Kilkenny Marble Works is procured out of 

 the Nore at Three Castles, four Irish miles from the town. 



Mr. Burtchael points out that excellent pit sand was got at the 

 site of the new glebe-house, Piltown, while the adjoining town- 

 land is called " Sandpits." Good sand is also to be obtained near 

 Goresbridge, Inisnag, Thomastown, Castlecomer demesne, and 

 Massford ; Kiltormer, near Callan ; also Ballincreas, about five 

 miles from Waterford, Ballylusky, one mile, Ballida, two miles, 

 and Knockhouse, three miles from Mullinavat or Kilmacow Railway 

 Station ; Ballyhahy, between four and five miles from New Eoss ; 

 and, in fact, very generally over the county. 



In a cave at Serville Lodge, one mile from Kilkenny, on the 

 Callan road, is a very fine sand, but quantity very small. 



A sand with a calcareous cement was formerly most extensively 

 used as manure ; some of the pits are so extensive, that it 

 has been calculated that they have been worked for at least one 

 thousand years. A sand, considered specially good on hilly ground, 

 was known as Kilmacoio sand, probably from having first been found 

 or used in that neighbourhood. 



Along the tidal portions of the Nore and Suir there is a large 

 tract of what is called manure sand, which used to be loaded into 

 barges at low water out of the banks. It contains a large per- 

 centage of very fine sand, and was good for heavy soils. 



KING'S COUNTY. 



The principal localities for arenaceous rocks are the Ordovicians 

 and overlying Carboniferous Sandstones (Upper Old Eed) in the 

 portion of Slieve-Bloom that comes into the south-east of this 

 county. To the south of the county, in the vicinity of Moneygall, 



