Kinahan — On Irish Arenaceous Rocks. 613 



inches thick. Generally used, but often with limestone, for 

 rubble and walling in Dungarvan, the dressing being Slieve- 

 Grian stone or Whitechurch limestone. 



Ardmore. — The ancient round tower, as pointed out by Wil- 

 kinson, "is a fine example of cut-stone masonry, and demon- 

 strates the durability of the sandstone of the neighbourhood." 

 " Walling in squared coursed work of reddish-grey sandstone, is 

 in good preservation." 



" Clonmel Quarry." Half a mile from Clonmel. — Whitish to 

 greenish ; silicious ; in some beds an argillaceous, silicious cement ; 

 works well. The sandstone generally used in Clonmel. 



Millvale. Two miles from Carrick-on-Suir. — Reddish ; silicious ; 

 with a little silicious cement ; ferriferous. Has been largely used 

 in Carrick. 



Waterford. — The conglomerate that lies unconformably on the 

 Ordovicians seems to be rarely used, except for road metal. About 

 a mile from the town there is a quarry in reddish-brown, good 

 sandstone ; but as it is difficult of access, it is not now much used. 

 Brown Head Promontory. East of Tramore Bay. — Dark-red 

 sandstone. It is very effective, with granite mouldings, in New- 

 town House, near Waterford. 



To the east of the county, adjoining the estuary of the Suir 

 and Barrow, there are limited tracts of conglomerate and sand- 

 stone well adapted for heavy work, such as piers and sea-walls, 

 as they are capable of being raised in large squarish blocks. At 

 D unmore East there are good workable beds in the red sandstone 

 cliffs, which have been locally used in sea- works; in the town 

 and the coastguard-station : they are not durable. New Eoss pier, 

 Co. Wexford, is built of this class of stone; which was brought, 

 either from one of these tracts, or from that at Ballyhack and 

 Arthurstown, Co. Wexford. Mr. Langrish states : — " The stone, 

 from its hardness and roughness of surface, ought to make splen- 

 did coping for a quay wall, preferable to granite or limestone, 

 which wear quite smooth." 



Sand and Gravel. — Pit sand and gravel are dispersed over the 

 county, but generally not in quantity. In many cases the sand is 

 very fine. At the round hill near Lismore there are good building 

 and moulding sands, the latter used in the Cappoquin Foundry; also 

 close to Ballyduff railway station. River sand is found in some of 



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