472 Mr Appleton, The Gluteal Region of Tarsius spectrum 



The musculature of the gluteal region is not only little developed 

 in point of size: it is, moreover, comparatively little specialized as 

 regards muscle attachments. 



The changes in Tarsiusivova. a Tupaia-YvliQ form have comprised: 



*(1) Attachment of the caudofemoralis (of Leche) to the tuber 

 ischii instead of to the caudal vertebraef. 



*(2) Loss of the condylar attachment of the caudofemoralis (of 

 Leche). 



*(3) Increase in size of the remaining part of the caudof emoraUs, 

 and concentration of its insertion to the middle of the femur. 



(4) Disappearance of the muscular part of the upper part of 

 biceps. 



(5) Loss of the tenuissimus. 



(6) Close envelopment of the great sciatic nerve by the muscle 

 fibres of femorococcygeus and caudofemorahs. 



(7) Concentration of the pull of the tensor fasciae latae on to 

 the 3rd trochanter. 



Primitive features, retained in Tarsius, but lost in anthropoid 

 Apes comprise the following : 



(1) Persistent caudofemoralis muscle (of Leche). 



(2) Independent femorococcygeus (more or less fused with 

 gluteus maximus in Apes: Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orang). 



(3) Caudal attachment of femorococcygeus. (Origin is ischial 

 in Apes mt^* = Duvernoy's ischiofemoralis, and Fick's tubero- 

 femoral muscle). 



J(4) Persistent 3rd trochanter, associated with the attitude of 

 a flexed hip, and the passage of a superficial gluteus muscle-sheet 

 and tensor fasciae latae across a large vastus externus muscle. 



In the last four points, Tarsius is in agreement with Lemur. 

 The most striking difierence between these two in the gluteal region 

 is found in the extensive attachment to the femur of quadratus 

 femoris in Lemur; the smaller size of the caudofemoralis in Lemur, 

 and its "more primitive" origin from coccygeal vertebrae. 



The caudofemoralis (Leche) has been confused with the femoro- 

 coccygeus (Leche). It appears to be merely a verbal confusion, 

 owing partly to the description by Windle and Parsons of the 

 femorococcygeus of Carnivora and certain Rodentia under the 

 name of the caudofemoralis^. In Petrogale a similar muscle is 

 included by Parsons under the term biceps\\. He describes what 

 appears to be the caudofemoralis of Leche in Petrogale as the 



* Certain Marsupials resemble Tarsius and differ from Tupaia in these features; 

 a parallel development. 



t Hypsiprymnodon is the only Marsupial found by Carlsson, lor. cii. 1915, to 

 retain a coccygeal origin for the caudofemoralis. 



t Appleton, loc. cit. p. 380. 



§ Parsons, F. G., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898. 



II Parsons, F. G., op cit. 1896. 



