Johnson & Gilmore — Occurrence of a Sequoia at Washing Bay. 347 



the " naked " buds of S. gigantea. They also occur at the bases of the foliage 

 slioots of S. sempervireiis, being in reality the persistent bud- scales through 

 which the foliage shoot has grown and elongated. S. Gardner (4) notes the 

 interesting fact that when introduced into a warmer climate, such as that 

 of Madeira, S. sempercirens develops more of these leaves, an indication 

 apparently of more vigorous growth in a warmer climate, with consequent 

 formation of bigger buds. This may indicate that adpressed foliage is more 

 adapted than the spreading foliage to a warmer climate. A reduction of 

 transpiration and an exposure of one side only to sunlight, if bright, are 

 obvious advantages of adpression. One would expect such foliage in 

 ancestral Sequoias growing in the tropical or subtropical conditions of the 

 Cretaceous or early Tertiar}-. It is the prevailing type in our Sequoia and in 

 that of Bovey Tracey (5). We hope to prove that the Sequoia found in the 

 two localities is identical, and the beds containing it contemporaneous, viz., 

 Sequoia Couttsiae Heer in the Upper Oligocene. 



As already mentioned and as our illustrations (PI. XIII, figs. 1-9) show, 

 S. Couttsiae Heer possesses in the main an adpressed foliage. The leaves are 

 semi-ovate or triangular, imbricate, decurrent, more or less falcate, with acute 

 apex, and are spirally arranged. Each leaf is keeled or ribbed in correspon- 

 dence with its solitary vascular bundle. One frequently finds at the tip of 

 the leaf a sharp-pointed brittle cap of amber (PL XIII, fig. 10), which has 

 evidently oozed out from the single resin-passage known to occur in the leaves 

 of recent Sequoias. Under the dissecting microscope one can detach the 

 amber tip and leave the leaf apex blunter in consequence. 



The leaves are readily restored. Stomata (PI. XIII, figs. 11-12) occur on 

 both surfaces, and on the lower side form two bands, one on either side of the 

 midrib. With a view to testing the taxonomic value of the arrangement and 

 character of the stomata, we made a series of preparations of the leaf of 

 livmg Sequoia and other Conifers. * 



C. and E. M. Eeid (6) were able by restoration of the epidermis of the 

 Bovey Tracey material to show that Heer's.species was rightly named; that 

 it was a Sequoia, and not, as S. Gardner stated, an Athrotaxis. It needs little 

 knowledge of the Conifers to make one realize the helplessness of positive 

 identification based on the external characters only of the foliage, owing to 

 its pronounced heteromorphism. With differences of form supported by 

 difference of microscopic characters there is more hope of success. A reliable 

 way of distinguishing Sequoia gigcintea from Cryptomeria japonica and 

 S. sempervireiis, and /S. Langsdorfii from Taxodium distichum microscopically 

 would be distinctly helpful. Bertrand (7) could find no difference in the 

 epidermis of Seqiwia and Gryptomeria in the distribution or arrangement of 



