288 Messrs Duckworth & Pain, Some Eskimo from Labrador. 



presented by the hair both in amount and distribution : an 

 exception must be made as regards colour in the case of a 

 half-breed child (Nancy) in whom the hair is lighter. In other 

 children the hair is quite as black as in the adults. 



The colour of the eyes is even more constant, there being no 

 exception to the rule that the iris is of a dark brown tint (though 

 not quite black, as Keane says). In several cases, some conjunc- 

 tivitis has occurred, and in one instance had been very severe, for it 

 had produced extensive corneal opacity. Epicanthus is not quite 

 constant and is only seen in one of five females : it is distinctly 

 more frequent in the men (6 out of 10 possessing this character- 

 istic fold). 



The ears, though large, are according to the human standard 

 well shaped; the lobule is usually quite well developed. The 

 indices are recorded in the table and shew quite a " high " type 

 of ear to be the rule. 



The nose is very flattened and the alae wide, and thus the 

 index is higher than one would expect from the cranial propor- 

 tions of the nose, the cranial aperture of which is, on the average, 

 narrower than in any other human race. 



In comparing our results with the records of other observers, 

 we find but little need for comment, for the Labrador Eskimo 

 seem to present all the features previously regarded as character- 

 istic of this hyperborean Race. Our comparisons relate less to 

 the external characters, such as skin and hair colour, than to 

 the results of measurements. We have found the following the 

 most important works of reference : (Virchow : Zeitschrift fur 

 Ethnologie, Band xn., 1880 ; Boas and Turner, in the Annual 

 Volumes VI. and xi. respectively of the Reports of the American 

 Bureau of Ethnology, also Boas, in the Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, 

 Band xxvii.). 



Taking these in order we note that Virchow's communication 

 {Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie) is of particular interest, for it records 

 the principal characteristics of a party of eight Labrador Eskimo 

 exhibited in Berlin in 1880: these Eskimo came from Hebron 

 and Nackvack, and whereas five had been partially educated by 

 the Moravians, the remainder had never been subjected to any 

 civilizing influence of European origin. It is therefore interesting 

 to observe that one of these more primitive Eskimo became a 

 prey to hysterical excitement of some violence, under the ordeal 

 of being measured. Some of the members of this party were 

 subsequently taken to Paris and unfortunately contracted small- 

 pox with fatal consequences. In comparing the results of our 

 observations with those of Virchow, we have to note a general 

 concordance, with the following exceptions only. Firstly, the 

 average stature obtained by us is rather less than the correspond- 



