166 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 



and feeding-troughs. The prohibitory railway rates harass this 

 industry. 



At one time the Coal Island clay was made up into small 

 oblong cakes, about a pound each, which had a ready sale as a sub- 

 stitute for Fuller's earth. 



In the Annaghone Coal-field, which lies to the north of the 

 main field, there is a considerable thickness of good fire-clay. 



WATERFORD. 



Potter's Clay occurs near Dungarvan, Ringagonagh, Lismore, 

 and Whitechurch ; while pipe-clay is found at Ballyduff, near 

 Dromana, and Batty ntaylor. Yery little use, however, is made of 

 it.— (L. D.) 



" Bricks are made about one and a-half miles above Water- 

 ford, at both sides of the Suir, from clay raised in the marshes ; 

 sold at the kilns from 25s. to 27s. per 1000 ; average size, 9x4 

 x 3^, and weight 5 lbs. They are of bad quality, all the good 

 bricks coming from Youghal, Co. Cork. In the mediaeval English 

 walls and towers round Waterford city bricks similar to what are 

 now made were used; but none are found in the more ancient 

 walls." (James Budd.) 



" I have seen ancient pipes that were found in a rath ; they 

 were small, with bowls about three-quarters of an inch high. In 

 Waterford city pipes have always been made within living memory ; 

 a few are made there still. The clay used was English (Poole, &c). 

 as the Irish clay contains either sand or iron ; the sand could be 

 washed out, but the iron could not always be got rid of, and often 

 showed after the pipes were baked. Pipe-clay from Eingagonagh, 

 and Ring, near Dungarvan, appears tolerably pure." (James 

 Budd.) 



