Knowles — The 3Iaritime and Marine Lichens of Howth. 143 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. 



1. Young growths of Bamalina scopiilonim. 



2. Young growths of the same from the upper Eamalina zone. 

 3-6. Lecania atrynioides nov. sp. 



4. Longitudinal section through one of the apothecia. 



5. Ascus and parapliyses. 



6. Spores. 



7-10. Acarospora benedarensis no\. sp. 



8. Longitudinal f.ection through an apothecium. 



9. Ascus and paraphyses. 



10. Spores. 



11-13. Verntcaria Lorrain-Sinithii nov. sp. 



11. A perithecium showing the very minute ostiole. 



12. Asci with spores variously grouped. 



13. Five spores. 



SCIENT. PEOO. E.D.S., VOL. XIV., NO. VI. 



