1894.] Species of Medicago L. in England. 153 



the Vicieae — Lotus' and Anthyllis^ in the Loteae, Tephrosia'', 

 Oxytropis* and Astragalus^ in the Galegeae — for all of which such 

 a mechanism has been suggested — and of Medicago in the Trifo- 

 lieae may equally be outcomes of a parallel modification ; but on 

 the other hand it is very probable that many similar stigmas exist 

 among the plants of this extensive order. 



To Dr D. Sharp, Mr G. H. Verrall and Mr J. C. Willis I owe 

 very many thanks for invaluable help in naming insects or in mak- 

 ing kind suggestions, and to Mr E,. I. Lynch for many services. 



(4) Contributions to the Geology of the Gosau Beds of the 

 Austrian Salzkammergut. By H. Kynaston, B.A., King's College, 

 Cambridge. 



{Abstract.) 

 This paper, after treating of the previous literature of the 

 subject, gives an account of the situation and physical aspects 

 of the Gosau Valley. The valley is situated in the central portion 

 of the Salzkammergut, in Upper Austria, and forms a more or 

 less trough-like depression to the West of Hallstatt Lake. The 

 Gosau beds, while they may be said to be typically developed 

 in the Gosau Valley, have on the whole a fairly extensive dis- 

 tribution in the Eastern Alps, and chiefly on the Northern flanks 

 of the chain. They nearly always occur in basin-shaped or 

 trough-shaped areas in the Alpine limestone, of which the Gosau 

 Thai may be taken as a fair type, or in small, narrow, loftily 

 situated valleys, like that of Zlam, near Aussee in Steiermark. 

 Except at Obersiegersdorf, S.E. of the Chiem See in Bavaria, 

 they always occur flanking the Northern Zone of Alpine lime- 

 stone, and they never encroach on the central axial portion of 

 the chain. Everywhere they occur in the form of isolated out- 

 liers, resting unconformably on the older Alpine Trias, and they 

 are never associated with either younger or older cretaceous beds, 

 except at Ruhpolting, W. of Salzburg, where they are exposed 

 in a section resting on beds of the age of the Gault. The beds 

 of Gosau Thai are not confined to that valley ; but, constituting 

 as they do the whole of the hills on its Western side from the 

 Zwiesel Alp on the South to the Southern slopes of the Russberg 

 on the North, they are continued into the adjoining valley of 

 Russbachthal as far as a mile or so S.W. of Russbachsag, and 



1 Delpino, loc. cit. p. 25. Miiller, Fertilisation of Flowers, p. 170. 



2 Miiller, Fertilisation of Flowers, p. 173. 



3 Robertson, "Flowers and Insects," No. iv. Bot. Gazette, xv. p. 84, 1890. 



^ Miiller, Alpenblumen, p. 233. E. Loew, Ueber d. Bestaubungseinrichtungen 

 u. d. anatomischen Bau d. Bliithe von Oxytropis pilosa D. C. Flora lxxiv. p. 86, 

 1891. 



^ Heinsius. Eenige waarnemingen en eschouwingen over de bestiiiving van 

 bloemen der Nederlandscbe flora door insecten. Bot. Jaarboek, iv. p. 54, 1892. 



