116 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
edged with a fringing reef, or we may find the remnants of the elevated 
coralliferous limestone, which is less easily eroded than the volcanic mud 
strata, as in the elevated reef in a valley to the north of Suva. This 
reef rises to a height of 120 feet above high water mark, and is fully 
fifty feet thick (Plate 31). Its extension can be traced in outliers on 
the north shore of Suva Harbor and on islands composed of elevated 
limestone at the mouth of the inner harbor of Suva, — islands which 
are from sixty to ninety feet in height, and rest directly upon beds of 
stratified volcanic mud and capped by similar strata. On the northwest 
shore of the inner harbor there is a bluff of the same elevated limestone 
rising to about sixty feet. The continuation of the reef can be traced 
inland and along the shore for a considerable distance. 
The character of the islands within the barrier reef patches of Namuka 
and of Serua indicate that the corals growing upon the flats rest upon 
beds of stratified voleanic mud (Plate 5). Here and there we find a 
negro-head of the harder volcanic rock upon which the voleanic muds 
rest. From Serua westward the fringing reef varies in width from a mile 
to a mere narrow fringe of corals close to the shore (Plate 42). Negro- 
heads of volcanic rock stud the reef flats, which are here and there 
hollowed out into small boat harbors (Plate 6). At the Singatoka 
River the fringing reef has disappeared (Plate 6), and the heavy 
breakers roll upon a coral sand beach for a distance of about three 
niles. Immediately behind the beach rises a line of huge coral sand 
dunes, one of which attains a height of 190 feet (Plate 44). At this 
point the character of the fringing reef changes again. It is built upon 
the remnants of the ancient elevated limestone reef (Plate 43), small 
bluffs of which occur all the way between the Singatoka River and 
Nandronga Harbor (Plate 45). Some of the bluffs on the shore 
attain a height of more than seventy feet. Negro-heads consisting 
of elevated limestone fragments now abound upon the whole line of 
the fringing reef, and the two islands which protect the harbor of 
Nandronga on the east, and on the west are outliers of the ancient 
elevated reef (Plate 45). The height (thickness) of that reef must 
have been very considerable, judging from the height of an extensive 
bluff, consisting of limestone to the north of the sand dunes at the mouth 
of the Singatoka, which must be fully 250 feet. The fringing reef 
extends to the west of Nandronga as far as Likuri Harbor, where it 
gradually passes again into a barrier reef with a gradually widening 
shore passage (Plate 6) as we approach the Nandi waters. 
The elevated limestone reef must have extended west as far as Viwa, 
