X CONTENTS. 



CUArTER IV.— PhYSICAI, lIlSTdNV OF I.AKK LaIIONTAN. Page. 



Sectiou 1. Shore pliiiionuiui in gruiial 87 



Terraces 88 



Sea-clitts 89 



Bars 90 



Euiliaiikinent.s 93 



Deltas 96 



Eeeapitulation 98 



Section 2. Shore pheiiomi ua of Lake Lahontau 99 



Terraces and sea-elitis 100 



Bar.s and endiankmeiit.-i 105 



EtnhauknK^uts at. the west eud of Ilimiboldt Lake 105 



End lank Mien ts on the .sonthi'in lionUn- of the Carson Desert 112 



EndianUnieuts at. Bntliilo Springs, Nevada 115 



Deltas 123 



Section:!. Sediments of Lake Lahontan 124 



Exposnres in the canon of the llnndioldt Ilivl^r 126 



Exposures in the canon of the Trnckee Kiver 131 



Exposures in the canon of the Carson River 137 



Exposures in the canon of the Walker River 138 



Generalized sectiou of Lahontau sediments 143 



Exceptional sedimentary deposits 146 



Pumiceous dust 146 



White marl 149 



.3ioliaii sands 153 



Section I. Ancient stream channels 156 



Section .T). lUnstrations of theological structure 158 



Stratification and lamination 158 



Current beddiuj; - 158 



Contorted strata 160 



Arches of deposition 161 



Unconformity hy erosion and deposition 162 



Jointinj; 162 



Faults 163 



Structure of terraces and embankments 166 



Conglomerates and breccias 167 



Oiilitic sand 168 



Surface markings 168 



t!olor of lacustral sediments 169 



R^snmd of physical history 169 



CllAI'TEl! V — ClIEMICAI. HISTORY OF LAKE LaUONTAN. 



Section 1. General chemistry of natural waters 172 



River water 172 



S|>rinf^ water 175 



Ocean water _ 178 



Waters of inland seas 181 



Sin:cession of salts dejjosited on evaporation 182 



Deposition of calcium carbonate 187 



Section '2. Chemical depo.'-its of Lake Lahoutan 188 



Calcareous tu fa 189 



Li I hoid tula 190 



Tlnnoiilic lula 192 



I'rirfessor Dana's crystallographic study of thinolite 194 



Dendritic tufa 201 



