COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS. 77 



superposed on the black, terminal band. Hindwing : dorsum white ; terminal 

 half of wing jet-black ; a somewhat diffuse, subdorsal band of bluish-grey scales 

 from base to the black on terminal margin. Underside : a beautiful lioht 

 greenish yellow ; disc of wings tinged with salmon-pink, conspicuous on the 

 fore, more obscure on the hindwing. Forewing : a prominent, black, 

 discocellular spot and a subterminal series of three more or less quadrate black 

 spots that decrease in size anteriorly in interspaces 1, 2 and 3, the spot in 

 interspace 1 extended into interspace la and lengthened posteriorly outward 

 to the terminal margin. Hindwing uniform. Cilia of both wings pale salmon- 

 pink. Antennas brownish black, ringed or spotted with white ; head, thorax and 

 abdomen black, the thorax anteriorly with whitish hairs at the sides ; beneath : 

 the palpi, thorax and abdomen pale yellow. Sex-mark : a small, glandular 

 patch of scales near the base of interspace 1 on the underside of 

 the forewing, sometimes visible on the upperside. — Female, upperside 

 ground-colour similar ; the markings similar but the black along the costa 

 and termen of forewing and of terminal half of hindwing dark, silky brown • 

 on the forewing edged interiorly along the costa and along the termen from 

 vein 2 upwards with jet-black ; discocellular, black spot on the forewino- 

 much larger than in the male. Underside, forewing : base and cell anterior- 

 ly greenish yellow, disc salmon-pink ; apex and termen broadly dull, ochra- 

 ceous pink ; discocellular and posterior, subterminal spots as in the male. 

 Hindwing uniform ochraceous pink. Antennee, head, thorax and abdomen 

 as in the male, but somewhat duller in colour. Expanse 38-50 mm. 



In Miscellaneous Note "No. XXIV. — Notes on Cvlotis in Sind " by 

 Captain F. C. Fraser, I.M.S.; dated Hyderabad, Sind, September 1910, which 

 appeared in this Journal there is a description of the stages as under : — 



Effff. — " Pure white, ampuUiform in shape, strongly ribbed. Hatch out on 

 the third day." 



Larva. — " Grass-green, at first a crimson stippling along the sides but this 

 gradually fades in successive moults until finally lost in the last. The final 

 skin has a peppering of white, minute dots and tiny bristles covering the 

 skin. There is a white, dorsal line along the back which may or may not 

 have a yellow edging. In shape, cylindrical, like that of T. Jiecahe. This 

 larva is interesting in that it is the only one of its genus (so far as the 

 Indian forms are concerned) that has not got a black head when first emerg- 

 ing from the ovum." 



Fapa. — " Creamy, flesh-coloured or pale green with no markings ; body 

 stout, with a stunted point at the head. Suspended upright by waist-belt 

 and anal attachments." 



Habits. — The eggs are laid singly on the food plant. The larvae 

 thus live singly also. Their habits are not likely to differ in any 

 way from those of vestalis. Captain Frazer states in the above 

 notes that he has taken Colotis ^rotradus (and vestalis) male joined 

 to a female amata but unfortunately was not able to obtain eggs of 

 the latter. He says that he has caught a specimen of protractus 

 in which the salmon-colour of the wings was replaced by the creamy 

 white of vestalis ; and he is evidentlj^ of opinion that hybridism 

 plays a considerable part in the variations in colouration existing in 

 amata, vestalis and protractus. The food plant of the larvee of 

 protractus is Salvadora persica (probably also oleoides, the other 

 species of the genus Salvadora). The butterfly is found in Balu- 

 chistan, Punjab, Cutch and Lower Sind (perhaps all along the 

 Indus throughout Sind). 



