98 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXIIl. 



with the fore part raised in the air, the front legs bunched and the 

 front segments made as broad as possible ; sometimes the anal clas- 

 pers are also held free from the sitting surface. The butterfly is the 

 strongest and most powerful flier amongst all the Pieridce ; it is also 

 the largest. It often rests on the ground, goes to damp places in 

 nallas and on roads in the hot months of the year ; comes freely to 

 flowers and may always be seen, wherever it exists, where the food- 

 plants are ; it is fond of the sun and has the habit of keeping to the 

 same "beat" for a long time, returning over the same ground again 

 and again. The flight is rapid, consisting of strong up-and-down 

 beats of the wings which are hardly ever completely brought together 

 over the back between the strokes, the course in a perpendicular plane 

 would be a series of segments of a circle, the more or less convexity 

 depending upon the pace at the time ; often the wings are held half 

 closed over the back for quite a considerable interval when descend- 

 ing and this style of flight is mostly assumed when there is more 

 than one insect around and the}^ are playing. The position of rest 

 is with the wings closed over the back, the fore wings brought right 

 down between the hind ones so that only the dark apical part of the 

 former, harmonizing with the dark undersides of the latter, remains 

 visible ; when pitched on the ground among leaves or rubbish the 

 insect is, in this position, quite invisible, the colour and pattern 

 blends so well with the surroundings. The foodplants belong 

 to the Gapparidece and the larva has been found on Oratceva reli- 

 giosa very commonly ; also, equally often, upon the large climber 

 Capparis Moonii. Glaucippe is not 'exactly a butterfly of the Plains 

 but will be found anywhere in the hills where there is forest and 

 around them on the borders of the open country from sea-level 

 upwards ; it is plentiful in regions of heavy rainfall. Its dis- 

 tribution is given as N. E. India, Nepal; Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam; 

 Burma and Tenasserim to the Malay Peninsula, and eastwards 

 through the Shan States in Upper Burma to Siam and China. 

 It would not be wrong, perhaps, to say that it exists throughout 

 India from the Himalajras to Cape Comorin and in Ceylon, &c., 

 wherever there are hills and forests and sufiicient moisture. 



The genus Hebomoia is In do-Malayan in distribution. There is one other 

 species in British India, namely H.. rcepstorji, Wood-Mason, from the South 

 Andamans and Barren Island which is differentiated by the wings being 

 suffused with pure sulphur-yellow. 



Genus— PARERONIA. 



The genus is Indo-Malayan and consists of four recognized species of 

 which two only interest us. The other two are P. avatar from Tenasserim, 

 the other P. ceylanica from Ceylon (said to occur also in S. India : in the 

 Nilgiris, Cochin and Travancore) ; the former with the veins not defined 

 with black on the upperside : a very pale blue all over inside the black, 

 terminal bordering. Ceylani<:a is probably not a good species but only a 

 variety oi pingasa. 



