284 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXIII. 



including several hot springs being abundant. This is another 

 remarkably cold spot. 



Bamnagar. — Ramnagar on the E.. and K. Railway is roughly 30 

 miles west of Naini Tal and situated in the Kosi valley at the 

 junction of the foot hills with the plains. Below the hills cultiva- 

 tion is extensive, irrigation being carried on by a series of very 

 fine permanent canals. 



My collection was made in the neighbourhood of the town where 

 the soil is very light and vegetation scant. 



The narrow strip of land forming the sub-montane tract or 

 " Bl',aba " runs immediate^ along the base of the foot hills and 

 is bounded below by the dense forests of the Terai. 



The " Bhaba " belt has no surface water, being stony and remark- 

 ably porous to such an extent that all the rivers flowing from the 

 hills disappear in subterranean channels to the Terai where they 

 reappear on the surface. 



Beta. — About 8 miles west of Ramnagar. The village situated in 

 the " Bhaba " is a collection of grass covered huts and is occupied 

 only during the cold weather when the Hill tribes journey down to 

 raise crops and feed their cattle returning to the hills again before 

 the hot weather. The soil appears to be a mixture of clay and sand, 

 very fine and soft in the river beds or on the roads but elsewhere 

 firm and crumbling. My collection was made mostly on the flat 

 near cultivation and a mixed jungle which includes bamboo and 

 quantities of fig trees. 



jlierna. — A village 9 miles west of Dela in the " Bhaba ". The 

 forest in this neighbourhood is mainly Sal with an abundance of 

 Fig and Bamboo. The " Bel " tree is also plentiful and its fruit 

 resembling the orange is much sought after by Monkeys, Chital, 

 Pigs, &c. A heav}^ undergrowth of Ber bushes and long grass 

 forms excellent cover for animals. 



Loliaghat, Almora District. — A mountain village at an elevation 

 of 5,600 feet, 30 miles east of Almora and close to the border of 

 Nepal. The mountains in the immediate neighbourhood are of 

 easy gradient and attain no great altitude but a few miles to the 

 east and running north and south lies a great barrier of snow 

 peaks and glaciers beyond which are Tibet and Nepal. 



The forests of Lohaghat contain Deodar, Chir Pines, Oaks and 

 Rhoderdendhrous water is abundant. 



The principal cultivation is Tea also Rice and. Wheat. 



During this month (February) the rainfall was heavy and several 

 fall of snow were experienced. 



Tanakjour. — About 36 miles south of Lohaghat situated on the 

 Sarda River immediately below the foot hills. 



Filibhit, Rohilkhund. — The town and district of Pilibhit occupy 

 part of a flat alluvial plain the soil of which is a mixture of clay 



