NOTES ON INDIAN BUTTERFLIES. 307 



Fruhstorfer thinks that manasa may have been described from an aberration ; 

 in this he is wrong, as I have seen two species of onanasa and Oberthur has 

 recorded others. 



(50) Neptis vikasi, Hors. The Sikkim race is given as harita, M., with 

 pseudovikasi, M., as the wet season form ; previous authors have treated 

 these two forms as separate species. The larger race from Assam and 

 presumably Burma, which is not mentioned, is suavior, Fruh. 



(51) Neptis columella, Cr., is confined to China and the North Indian 

 race is given as ophiana, M. 



(52) Neptis radha, M. Asterastilis, Ober.,is placed as a race of this species 

 instead of being referred to narayana, M. 



(53) Neptis ananta, M. The dry season form is sitis, Fruh. 



(54) Neptis fuliginosa, M., from Tenasserim, is kept doubtfully separate 

 from the Philippine ebusa, Fd. Thamala, M., from Mergui is put as a race of 

 fuliginosa. 



(55) Rahinda is treated as a separate genus. Assamica, M., is placed 

 as the Assam race of fyaraka, But. 



(66) Cyrestis rahrioides, M., is treated as a distinct species intermediate 

 between visa, Db., and rahria, M. 



(57) Penthema lisarda, Db. The Chin Hill race is given as mihintala, 

 Fruh ; below dull brown instead of reddish, streaks and cell spots above 

 larger. 



(58) Penthema binghami, Wm., is put as a race of darlisa, M. 



(59) Atella alcippe, Cr, ; the Andaman race is andamana, Fruh. 



(60) Calinaga is placed next Hestina in the Apaturidi on account of its 

 genitalia resembling those of the Apatura group. 



The following notes are taken from Lepidoptera Indica : — 



(61) In the genus Telicota are placed augias, L., and hamhusce, M. 

 Palmarum, M., is put under Corone and the dara, gola group in Fadraona. 



(62) Telicota dara, Koll., is confined to the Himalayas and North Burma. 

 The following dara like species are given ; satra, Fruh., a small dark species 

 from Ceylon, which Fruhstorfer himself places as a race of tropica, Plotz, 

 from Java ; mcesoides, But., a small pale species occurring throughout the 

 Indian region ; ottala, a new species described from one pair from the 

 Karen Hills ; nala, Plotz, from Kulu and Mussoorie. 



The splitting up of Telicota into several genera does not appear to serve 

 any.useful purpose. In facies except for gola, M. and concinna, El., and Ed. 

 the species are all very much alike. Augias and bambusce {Telicota proper) 

 bear in the male a broad stigma along the middle of the discal brown band 

 from vein 1 to 4, also in the male vein 3 is equidistant between 2 and 4. 

 Rectifasciata (placed in Padraona) bears a rather similar though very ob- 

 scure brand along the oiiter edge of the discal band ; vein 3 is only a little 

 nearer to 4 than to 2. The dara group has a distinct brand in the male 

 lying above and along the middle third of vein 1, a feature which appears 

 to have been overlooked hitherto ; palmarum, gola and concinna have no 

 secondary sexual characters ; in all these vein 3 is much nearer to 4 than 

 to 2. The females do not differ structurally in any way. The male brands 

 can be clearly seen by the application of benzine. 



Superficially the genus can be divided into two groups, (1) gola and 

 concinna having the basal half of space 3 filled in with yellow and (2) the 

 remainder with a continuous dark brown discal band. The discal band 

 reaches the costa in the dara group but not in the remainder. 



In the dara group Watson in Hesperiidffi Indicse (1891) placed three 

 species, viz., dara, Koll., underside greenish, ??zfesc;2cZes, But., underside mark- 

 ings defined with black, ijseodomcesa, M., underside ochreous and mentions 

 that Hampson obtained all three in the Nilgiris ; m his key to the Genera 



