NOTES ON INDIAN TIMELIIDES AND TREIR ALLIES. 319 



Trochalopterum phmniceum. — Sharpe, Cat. B.M., VII., p. 371, Oates, F. B.I., 

 i., p. 93. 



Description, etc, — As in Fauna. B. I. 

 Distribution. — Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. 



Tkochalopterum phceniceum bakeri, Hartert. 

 The Assam Ciimson-winffed Laughing Thrush. 



Hartert, Bui., B. 0. C, xxiii., p. 10 (1909). 



Similar to T . phceniceum, Gould, from Sikhim. 



Differs in being paler both above and below ; with a distinct grey wash 

 along the middle of breast and abdomen ; it is also slightly smaller. 



Distribution. — The mountain ranges south of the Brahmaputra, and also 

 the Chin Hills, on the West of Burma ; two specimens from Mt. Victoria 

 appear to be nearest to this sub-species. 



Nesting. — Nest eggs similar to T. p. phceniceum. 



Trochalopteeitm phceniceum ripponi, Oates. 

 I'he Burmese Crimson-winged Laughing Thrush. 



Trochalopterum rip)poni, Oates, Bui. B. O. C, xi., p. 10, 1900 ; Kippon, 

 Ibis., 1901, p. 629; Harington, B. N. H. S. J., xix., p. 114. 



'*■ Allied to T. phiBniceum from the Himalayas, but differing from that 

 species in many important points, the crimson of the head is much brighter 

 and extends to the whole side of the head, the supercilium, forehead, chin 

 and cheeks, even tinging the throat. The later, together with the 

 whole lower plumage is greyish-yellow not fulvous and olive-brown. The 

 whole crown is dark plumbeous and the remainder of the upper plumage 

 with the wing coverts is olive grey. The tail feathers are not tipped with 

 orange but more narrowly with ochraceous, the lower aspect of the outer 

 feather alone being orange." (Oates). 



Wing 3"4 ; tail 4 ; Tarsus 1'3 inches. 



Nesting. — Fairly common in the Bhamo Hills, Col. Rippon says the com- 

 monest Laughing Thrush from 4,000-6,000 ft. in the Southern Shan States. 

 I found several nests in the Bhamo Hills, these were of the usual family 

 type and the eggs very similar to those of T. p. phceniceum, and measured 

 1-01 X '75 inches. 



Trochalopterum milnei.* 

 The Red-tailed Laughing Thrushes. 



These, the handsomest of the Laughing Thrushes, at present consist of 

 three well marked races, which inhabit the mountainous districts of China 

 Yunnan and the N. B. Hills of Burma. The nidification of one sub- 

 species is at present known, this is remarkable for laying white eggs spotted 

 with red. Mr. Stuart Baker informs me that he has received similar eggs 

 from the Chin hills, so in all probability there is still an undescribed sub- 

 species in that locality. 



* Trochalopterum milnei milnei, David. 

 The Chinese Red-tailed Laughing Thrush. 



David, Ann. Sci. Nat. (5), xix., Art. 9, (1874); Sharpe, Cat. B- M., vii, p. 373. 



" Crown of head and upper parts of a bufiEy-rufous colour ; ear coverts pure 

 white ; throat and lores black ; back olive, with the larg-e feathers edged with a 

 dark border ; rump and upper tail coverts of a golden-olive tint ; lower part 

 ashy-olive passing to greenish on the neck ; breast, flanks, under tail-coverts 

 and tidial plumes ; upper surface of the tail bright red, lower surface blackish ; 

 quills above brilliant and glossy red with the inner neck of the innermost 

 secondaries white : bill and feet black : iris brown." (Sharpe). 



Hob, — W. Fokien, Kuatin, China. 



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