MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 351 



seem to ascend from the main valley (5,000') during the hot weather, from 

 which there was a broad well trodden Elephant path to the ridge above. 

 The whole ridge above 8,000' is covered with rhododendrons with occasional 

 pine trees. 



Lesser Khino were found in the main Valley at a height of over 6,000'. 

 I understand that the Lesser Rhino was observed at considerable eleva- 

 tion in Burma, but can find no reference to the exact height. 



A. L. M. MOLES WORTH, 



Shillong, Assam, 7th Maij 1914. Capt., l/8th Gurkha Rifles. 



No. VI.— COMMENSALISM BETWEEN MONKEYS AND 

 TSAING AND DEER. 



On page 731 of Vol. XXII (No. 4) of the Society's Journal, mention is 

 made of Chital and Sambhar being found in close vicinity to herds of 

 monkeys. The reason given by Mr. 0. H. Johnstone is, I have no doubt, 

 correct. Quite lately I was out after Tsaing in the Kalka district and got 

 up to a small herd of two bulls and four or five cows feeding under a wild 

 mango tree. These trees unlike the cultivated variety assume, propor- 

 tionately speaking, huge dimensions in Upper Burma. I noticed at the 

 same time a commotion in the branches high up and using my glasses 

 detected some 8 or 10 monkeys — the long tailed variety feeding on the 

 fruit. 1 had two Burmese trackers with me and having come up to the 

 herd very quietly I was able to get a very good view and for quite 15 or 20 

 minutes. The animals down below were moving about freely picking up 

 the fruit as it fell from above. The bulls had immature heads so I was not 

 shooting. Later in the day I came across, I should say, half a dozen other 

 such trees and under all of them mmierous tracks of Tsaing (Banting), Gyi 

 (Muntjac) and pig. Of course at this time of the year the fruit naturally 

 falls as it ripens but there can, I think, be no doubt that the presence of 

 monkeys in these trees oSers an inducement to deer and other animals to 

 seek association with them. My Burmese trackers told me that Hsaing 

 have a special penchant for the fruit of the mango and that till Bamboo 

 shoots are available it was always possible to get a chance of bagging a 

 decent Tsaing where these trees were to be found. 



W. WALSH. 

 Camp Kyankinyatjng, 16^7* June 1914. 



No. VII.— THE BARKING DEER OR MUNTJAC {MUNTIACUS 



VAGINALIS.) 



Reading up R. Lydekker's book on the " Game Animals of India " I came 

 across various statements which are not in accord with my personal obser- 

 vations. 



For instance this author calls the Muntiacus vaginalis a strictly nocturnal 

 animal, whereas in the Bombay Ghats I have on frequent occasions seen a 

 "bekar" grazing in the open as late 9 a. m. and on one occasion shot a buck 

 on a grass covered projecting bluff above " Tigers leap," Lonauli, as late 

 as 10 a.m. where it was feeding. It was however on a somewhat cloudy 

 day. 



The "bekars " of the Bombay Ghat also do not seem to shed their horns 

 regularly in May, as I have shot a buck with old horns in the middle of 

 June. 



Presuming that perhaps the above notes may not be quite devoid of 

 interest. 



M. F, SUTER. 

 Bombay, Sth August 1914. 

 22 



