456 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XX1I2. 



shot by Mr. M. Donlea out of a herd of seven, on the 10th Decem- 

 ber 1910, near D era Momim, on the Kabul Eiver. 



Distribution. — The whole of Northern Europe and Africa extend- 

 ing to Japan and Greenland. Burturlin gives its most Northern 

 breeding range as Verkhore-Koljmisk, 65° 4|-' IST., South, it ex- 

 tends in Winter to Southern Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, India 

 and China. 



Oygnus bewicki. 



BewicTvs Swan. 



Oygnus heivichi. — Yarrel, Trans. Linn, Sec. xvi, p. 453 (1830) 

 Hume, Str. Feath. vii, pp. 107 & 464 (1878) ; Hume & Marsh 

 Game-B. iii, p. 51 (part) plate (1880); Salvadori, Cat. B. M 

 xxvii, p. 291 (1895); Stuart Baker, Jour. B. N. H. S. xi, p. 14 

 (1897); Blanford, ihid,-p.306; Sharpe, Hand.-L. 1. p. 207(1899) 

 Buturlin, Ibis 1907, p. 651; Stuart Baker: " Indian Ducks and 

 their Allies" p. 12, 1908, id, J. B. H. N.S. xviii, p. 754—8 

 (1908); id, ibid, xxi, p. 273. 



Gyqnus minor. — Keyserling & Blasius, Werbelthiere, pp. 6, xxxii 

 and 222 (1840); Stuart Baker, J. B. N. H. S. xi, pi. i. (1897). 



BescriiMon. — Of the swans with the j^ellow lores, Bewick's Swan 

 is the smallest, seldom having a wing exceeding 21", indeed Butur- 

 lin gives the greatest measurement of any bird measured by him 

 as 20" (520 mm.). The bill is strikingly shorter than that oi 

 cyc/nus, being seldom, if ever, over 3*75" (94-2 mm.) but is, 

 on the other hand, comparatively much deeper at the base measur- 

 ing up to 1*72" (43'6 mm.), the diminution in depth, from 

 forehead to tip, is also much more abrupt, so that the upper outline 

 presents a concave appearance. The serrations on the upper 

 mandible in the closed bill are visible over about two-thirds the 

 total length of the bill. In colouration the yellow is restricted to 

 a portion of the base above, and never touching the nostril and is 

 nearly always well defined from the black in a clean, curved line 

 enclosing the higher extremity of the hollow in which the nostril 

 is placed and thence extending back along the margin of the upper 

 bill to the gape. The feet also are much smaller, the tarsus 

 generally being less than 3-80" (96*5 mm.), whereas in musicus 

 it is generally over 4*2" (106-7 mm.) and Buturlin gives the 

 smallest of his series of the latter bird as 4*4" (115 mm.). 



Occurrences in India. — (1) Skin now in Bombay Natural His- 

 tory Society's Museum obtained by Mr. B. L. McCulloch of the 

 Indian Police at Jacobabad in Sind, on the 2nd December 1907. 

 (2) A skin of a female in the same Museum shot by Major P. C. 

 Elliot-Lockhart near Mardan, on the N.-W. Frontier, on the 30th 

 December 1910. 



