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ON THE GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 
Gnaphalium uliginosum, Linn, Council Bluffs. 
Artemisia longifolia, Nutt. Common on high hills along the Yellowstone. 
Artemisia dracunculoides, Pursh. Bellevue to Yellowstone. 
Artemisia filifolia, Torr. Gravelly hills along the Platte; Bad Lands. 
Artemisia Canadensis, Michx. Near Fort Laramie; also Durion’s hills to Yellowstone. 
Artemisia Ludoviciana, Nutt. In the Bad Lands and along the Yellowstone ; always 
white, with deeply serrate or entire leaves. 
Artemisia cana, Pursh, Abundant on the Yellowstone, and on the Missouri above 
Fort Union. This is the species which is properly called “sage” on the Upper 
Missouri; it grows shrubby, two to four feet high. 
Artemisia frigida, Willd. From latitude 43° to mountains. 
Artemisia tridentata, Nutt. Common in Bad Lands. 
Artemisia biennis, Willd. In Platte valley. 
Senecio aureus, Linn. Council bluffs and Big Sioux. 
Senecio integerrimus, Nutt. About Council bluffs to mountains. 
Senecio lobatus, Pers. Fort Leavenworth to Fort Pierre. 
Senecio canus, Hook. Bad Lands to Yellowstone, with the upper leaves serrate or 
entire, tomentose, canescent or almost glabrous, 
Senecio filifolius, Nutt. Black hills. 
Senecio spartioides, Torr. & Gray. Niobrara river. 
Senecio rapifolius, Nutt. Laramie mountains. 
Senecio eremophilus, Richards. Black hills. 
Cacalia atriplicifolia, Linn. Bellevue, N. 'T. 
Cacalia tuberosa, Nutt. Not uncommon on the rich bottoms of the Missouri and 
Platte. 
Lygodesmia juncea, Don. A very abundant plant all over the sterile hills of the 
Upper Missouri and its tributaries ; grows most luxuriantly on the second upland 
prairie. It makes its first appearance near Council bluffs, and extends to the 
mountains. 
Cirsium altissimum, Spreng. Bellevue to Fort Pierre. 
Cirsium undulatum, Spreng. Arid hills and prairies from Niobrara to Fort Pierre 
and Bad Lands. ‘The var. 2. Torr. & Gray, with smaller heads and more deeply 
divided and spiny leaves, was found on the Yellowstone. 
Cirsium canescens, Nutt. Bad Lands; certainly biennial with a long root; perhaps 
belonging to C. undulatum, as Torr. & Gray suggest ; distinguished by the deeply 
pinnatifid and decurrent leaves ; decurrent part $-14 inch long, undulate and very 
spiny ; peduncles leafy ; involucre pubescent. 
