REVIEWS 635 



who are familiar with the limited depths of the fiords and bays from 

 which the icebergs issue, these towering dimensions will doubtless 

 awaken skepticism, notwithstanding the appeal made in the latter 

 case to an extended base. Professor Wright contributes some interest- 

 ing observations on the coast of Labrador, accompanied by excellent 

 views. 



The chapters written by Professor Wright relate to the Ice of the 

 Labrador Current, The Coast of Labrador, Spitzbergen Ice in Davis 

 Strait, Excursions on the Coast of Greenland, The Coast in Detail, The 

 Eskimos of the North Atlantic, Europeans in Greenland, and the Sum- 

 tnary a?id Conclusion. 



Mr. Upham contributes the chapters on The Plants of Gree/iland, 

 The Animals of Greenland, Explorations of the Inland Ice of Green- 

 land, Comparisons of Present and Pleistocene Ice-sheets, Pleistocene 

 Changes of Level around the Basin of the North Atlantic, The Causes 

 of the Ice Age, and the Stages of the Ice Age in North America and 

 Europe. These chapters contain a large amount of matter brought 

 together from diverse sources and will prove very serviceable to 

 those who have no convenient access to the original literature, 

 or who lack the time to make use of it. The non- geological 

 part of it we must leave to the botanists and zoologists. The sum- 

 mary of explorations of the inland ice embraces numerous and 

 extended extracts from the writings of the several investigators of the 

 region, knit together by explanatory matter and accompanied by 

 illustrations from Jensen and Chamberlin and a map prepared by the 

 author. 



The chapters which relate to the Pleistocene ice-sheet and the 

 causes and stages of the Ice Age are essentially a reproduction, in a 

 revised form, of the author's recent papers on these subjects in various 

 ■scientific publications and are so familiar to geologists as not to need 

 special review here. Mr. Upham brings out into sharper definition 

 than before his acceptance of the doctrine of notable ice stages. He 

 defines and maps the Warren, Toronto, Iroquois and St. Lawrence 

 stages in addition to the more generally recognized Kansan, lowan 

 and Wisconsin stages, and applies the nomenclature of the last 

 group to Europe. It is to be observed, however, that the mapping, 

 if not the discrimination, of the four added stages, is almost wholly 

 hvpothetical. Mr. Upham still prefers to interpret these stages as 

 phases of a single period of glaciation. The definite recognition 



