648 ABSTRACTS 



land of Smaland belong to the former class and attention is called to 

 the fact that extensive deposits of clays and marls occur skirting the 

 north shores of these lakes. This indicates that the basins have been 

 tilted to the south. The old lake bottoms have been raised above the 

 water, on the north, and the lakes have been partially emptied. 

 Deposits of sand, now covered by peat, north of the lakes Bolmen 

 and Vidostern indicate that these lakes have been reduced to about 

 one-half of their original size by this process. It is believed that 

 these lakes lie outside of the latest glacial limits, and the calcareous 

 nature of the clays indicates that these are sediments brought down 

 by glacial streams. The deltas of Klarelfven and Glommen, running 

 into the raised ends of lakes Venern and Oieren, rise above the pres- 

 ent level of the water in these lakes. The tilting of Lake Venern 

 from north to south is believed to have been about 13"'. 



Among the lakes which have been tilted away from their outlets, 

 Stora Le and Vettern are mentioned. Stora Le is about fifty times as 

 long as it is wide and its axis lies in the direction of the gradient 

 of the differential elevation of the region. It appears that since the 

 time this lake was separated from the sea by the barrier over which its 

 outlet now runs, the north end of its basin has been elevated loi™, 

 while the south end has been raised only 92™. Marked cliffs of ero- 

 sion, submerged deltas, and lagoons indicate a relative sinking of the 

 south end of the basin. It is likely that the displacement of the 

 water level at this place amounts to g'". From like evidence it appears 

 that the surface of the water in the south end of Lake Vettern has 

 risen 10" since the time this lake was united with the sea. 



The last part of the paper touches on the evidences of displace- 

 ment of the basin of the Ancylus Lake, a great body of fresh water 

 which at one time occupied the basin of the Baltic Sea. The presence 

 of arctic land plants in deposits on the shores of Kattegat renders it 

 probable that this channel was closed at the time an arctic climate yet 

 prevailed. The outlet of the Ancylus lake at that time was most 

 likely over the depressions near Karlsberg or Orebro, north of Lake 

 Vettern. In the south part of the Baltic basin submarine peat bogs 

 show that part of this country has at one time had an elevation of 30'" 

 above its present altitude. By a lifting of the north end of the 

 Ancylus basin, the water was displaced to the south, until it made its 

 escape through Oresund. When this lake reached its widest extent, it 

 probably covered an area of 570,000'"", exceeding in size all known 



