736 REVIEWS 



well for the energy of Dr. Eastman in enlisting the sympathy and 

 assistance of the men best fitted for the undertaking. It certainly 

 must require unbounded magnanimity for an acknowledged master of 

 the science to see a work of his, scarcely dry from the press, passing 

 into the hands of different men for the sole purpose of picking it to 

 pieces and building it up again ; to see the introduction of a different 

 terminology, or worse still, a classification different from his own ; and 

 finally to see the names of other authors appearing at the close of the 

 several chapters, each being awarded a portion of the credit for the 

 excellence of the work. Doubtless all this was not accomplished with- 

 out a struggle, for it is hard for any one who has long been accustomed 

 to familiar names or systems, to see them encroached upon or entirely 

 replaced by others. It may be questioned whether Continental 

 workers are entirely in sympathy with the younger American school of 

 palaeontologists ; yet it is clear that so great an author as Karl von 

 Zittel has confidence in their methods, or he would hardly have per- 

 mitted such changes to be made in his book. His attitude toward this 

 school may also be gathered from a remarkable address before the Inter- 

 national Congress of Geologists, reprinted in a late number of the 

 American Geologist. We must certainly regard him not only as one of 

 the ablest but as one of the most progressive of modern palaeontologists. 

 To comment briefly upon the various chapters we note first that the 

 Introduction is condensed into sixteen pages, in which the main 

 principles of the science are expounded. The next twenty-five pages 

 are devoted to the Protozoa, Brady's system having been followed in 

 the main for the Foraminifera and Haeckel's for the Radiolaria. 

 The treatment of the sponges, which also occupies twenty-five pages, 

 betrays a master hand. The classification put forward by the author 

 in the Handbudi, remains today, with a few unimportant modifications, 

 the best that has been devised. The chief criticism that may be urged 

 against this section is the adoption of too many needless terms pro- 

 posed by Rauff ; the figures and descriptions, however, are of their 

 usual excellence, and the same is true of the corals. The author has 

 been very conservative in his handling of both the Anthozoa and 

 Hydrozoa. It would have been well had a greater notice been taken 

 of American forms, and a more natural classification adopted. It is 

 evident that pages 103-5 ^^^ to be considered as replaced by the more 

 extended treatment of the same forms under the Bryozoa, and their 

 double insertion may be overlooked in consequence. It is to be 



