774 ROLLIN D. SALISBURY 



of climate necessary for this sequence of events, any land which 

 the ice might invade after crossing a water interval would have 

 an ice-cap of its own, and such an ice-cap, descending to its 

 coasts, would come out to meet any ice-cap which might be 

 approaching from other lands. It is conceivable that the ice- 

 caps of adjacent lands might meet each other in the water inter- 

 val now separating those lands. The line of meeting might not 

 be midway between the two coasts, and one body of ice might 

 have great advantage over the other. The ice of the one land 

 mass might thus become continuous, in some sense, with the 

 ice of another. But under these conditions all coasts would be 

 to leeward of the ice passing over them, and the topography of 

 leeward coasts should be recognizably different from that of 

 stoss coasts. 



The shallower the water between land masses, the easier 

 would it be for ice from one land to bridge it and invade the 

 other. Elevation of a region to the extent of the depth of the 

 water intervening between two land masses, or even a little less, 

 would obviate the difficulties in the way of continuous glaciation 

 from the one to the other. 



The phenomena of the islands of the coast of Greenland 

 indicate that ice from the latter has not recently, if ever, over- 

 ridden them. The phenomena of the Greenland coast indicate 

 that thickening of the ice adequate even for the complete over- 

 riding of the coast has not taken place in recent times, if ever ; 

 and the phenomena, in the aggregate, raise a question as to the 

 possibility of such overriding. 



Glaciation across otJiei' bodies of water. — The same question was 

 raised in Newfoundland. It has generally been assumed that 

 the ice-cap from the mainland bridged the interval between 

 Labrador and Newfoundland ; but more recent studies of the 

 glacial phenomena of the island suggest that its glaciation may 

 have been entirely indigenous. This is the conclusion of Mr. 

 Jam.es Howley, the geologist of the island, in spite of the fact 

 that pieces both of labradorite and metallic copper have been 

 found in the drift. The interior of the island is too imper- 



