144 REGINALD A. DALY 
space in which it lies were contemporaneous processes ; the force 
used in deforming the beds must, in some way or other, be 
directly connected with the act of crystallization of the 
Gallente: 
The theory of this association that hes nearest to hand would 
explain it by deriving active mechanical energy from each crystal 
of calcite as it obtains new material at the outer extremity on 
the surface of the growing spheroid. This energy will, then, be 
that of a “live force,’”’ and will be directed centrifugally, forcing 
the shale to assume a position dependent on the relative rate 
Of Srowth wot the crystals) the bundles, wit wthiere be veqall 
supply of carbonate in the surrounding matrix, the radiating 
crystals will grow at equal rates; the aggregate will be spherical, 
and the layers of shale will be forced to assume a corresponding 
position. A rate of supply more rapid along the plane of strati- 
fication than in a direction transverse to that plane would give a 
spheroid with a minimum diameter similarly transverse to the 
bedding, and a corresponding distortion of the shale mantle. 
In brief, this hypothesis calls for the production of a com- 
pressive force exerted on the surrounding medium by a growing 
crystal. 
Bischof has said that ‘‘what we know of causes in the growth 
of crystals, we have learned in the chemical laboratory. This is 
our sole guide to a conception of crystallization in the mineral 
kingdom.”’* It must be confessed that the advocates of the 
theory of live force exerted by natural crystals have been few, 
and that almost all derive their whole argument from observa- 
tions in the geological field, and not from those in the chemical 
laboratory. Unfortunately, too, many of the examples chosen 
by them cannot be taken as sure evidence of the exertion of 
such force by a crystal of a primary mineral, z.¢., one that has 
gathered its molecules, one by one, from a mother liquor, and 
that by virtue of the attraction of like molecule to like. And 
this is the case with our calcite molecule. With but few excep- 
tions the argument for live force has been taken from the study 
* Lehrbuch der chem. phys. Geologie, 2d ed., Band I, p. 140. 
