VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS 157 
Mt. St. Helens.—A glacier on the north side of this mountain 
was advancing and destroying trees in 1895 (C. Z. Rusk). 
Mount Ranier.—The Nisqually glacier has retreated not less 
than 100 meters since 1894 (4. 7. Allen). 
Alaska.— Last summer, Mr. E. H. Harrington of New York, 
invited a number of scientific men to accompany him on a 
voyage along the Alaskan coast. The full results of the expe- 
dition are to be published by the Washington Academy of 
Sciences. . 
Twenty-two tide-water glaciers were examined and marks 
left near many of them by which future changes may be 
measured. 
Photographs and observations made by several members of 
the expedition show that all the glaciers visited are now retreat- 
ing except the Crillon glacier on the west side of Mt. Crillon. 
This glacier does not reach tide-water; it is advancing against 
the forest and destroying the trees. 
Prince Wilham Sound.— Mr. Gannett mapped the glaciers and 
found that they are all retreating. The Harvard and Yale 
glaciers have retreated nine miles in a century." 
The Columbia glacier is now retreating, but the disturbed 
ground in front of it shows that it has recently advanced. The 
young trees growing on this disturbed surface place the date of 
the advance eight or nine years ago. The Muir glacier made an 
advance about the same time (G. K. Gilbert). 
Glacier Bay.—Al\l the glaciers seem to be retreating. In 
18709, the three glaciers at the head of the bay were united and 
three or four miles in advance of their present positions. The 
Charpentier and Hugh Miller also formed one glacier and 
extended two or three miles further than they now do. Rendu 
and Carroll glaciers have suffered decided recessions since 1896 
(John Muzr) . 
A comparison of photographs taken by Mr. Gilbert in 1899, 
with others taken by the author in 1892, shows that in that 
tThe Harriman Alaska Expedition, by Henry Gannett, Nat. Geog. Mag., 1899, 
Vol. X, pp. 507-512; and Bull. Amer. Geograph. Soc., 1899, Vol. XXXI, pp. 345- 
355: 
