KINDERHOOK STRATIGRAPHY BU) 
These three members retain their lithological characteristics over 
broad areas, the extent of which is surprising. The distances of 
continuity are so great that ordinarily doubt would be cast upon 
this assumption were it not for the fact that all observations are 
easily checked by the overlying Burlington limestone. While 
the lithological features of the several parts of the Kinderhook 
are so persistent, the faunas contained appear to be remarkably 
local in nature. The existence of a large number of restricted 
faunas, in place of a general one is probably the chief cause for 
past failures to correlate, by the biotic method, the various 
sections of the Kinderhook. 
The stratigraphical relationships of the Burlington and Loui- 
Siana sections at last appear to be indicated by the aid of the 
deep wells drilled between the two points. These relationships 
are best expressed by the following diagrammatic cross-section, 
in which, however, while drawn to a scale, no allowance is made 
for the synclinal attitude of the strata. What has been regarded 
as the typical Kinderhook formation is included between the 
heavy lines. 
Immediately beneath the Louisiana limestone, the basal 
member of the Kinderhook at Louisiana and vicinity, is the 
Black shale of the Devonian, according to Meek and Worthen.* 
In the neighborhood of Louisiana it has been called the Grassy 
Creek shale. While at the town itself it only has a thickness 
of about six feet, and thins out completely to the south, it is 30 
feet thick on Grassy Creek, a few miles to the west. Northward, 
t American Jour. Sci. (II), Vol. XXXII, p. 228, 1861. 
2 Proc. lowa Acad. Sci., Vol. V, p. 63, 1898. 
