444 FRANK BURSLEY TAYLOR 
steep. None of the measurements are of a broad lobate front 
such as any one of our great lobes presented south of the lake 
basins. One would expect the rate of motion to be still slower 
where it was evenly distributed along a broad front. 
There is another character of the borders of the Greenland 
ice that is a valuable aid in interpreting rates of motion. In all 
glaciers that move at a relatively rapid rate, as is the case with 
most Alpine, and fiord, or berg-producing tongues, the ice is 
cracked and broken deeply, and shows a rough, tempestuous 
surface with crevasses more or less numerous and deep. Slowly 
moving glaciers do not show much of this character, but are 
comparatively solid and smooth down to their ends, and this is 
the character of nearly all the glaciers that end on land as 
described and shown in photographic illustrations by Chamber- 
lin and Salisbury." 
There is a circumstance connected with some of the moraines 
in the Cincinnati-Mackinac series which seems to leave little 
doubt of the slow motion in the great ice-lobes that made them. 
According to Professor Dryer the front of the Erie ice-lobe at 
Defiance, Ohio, stood in about sixty feet of water, that being 
the deepest point of Maumee Lake. But since the recent rec- 
ognition of the low, faint, water-laid moraines it is found that 
the front of the ice halted successively at Toledo, Detroit, and 
Port Huron, in each case standing in about 200 feet of water. 
The points mentioned mark the apex of the lobe at each halt, 
and the place of the water-laid moraines and their land-laid 
extensions seem to show that the ice fitted itself to the valley 
relief in each case almost as perfectly as it would have done if 
the water had not been present. This fact throws much valu- 
able light on the condition of the ice when it stood in these 
positions. Baldwin, Upham, and others have supposed from 
*Glacial Studies in Greenland, by T.C. CHAMBERLIN, JouR. GEOL., Vol. II, Nos. 7 
and 8, 1894; Vol. III, Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7, 1895; Vol. IV, No. 5, 1896. Recent 
Glacial Studies in Greenland, Bull. G. S. A., Vol. VI, 1895. 
The Greenland Expedition of 1895, by R. D. SALISBURY, JouR. GEOL., Vol. III, 
No. 8, 1895; Salient Points Concerning the Glacial Geology of North Greenland, 
Jour. GEOL., Vol. IV, No.7, 1896. 
