On the Recent and Extinct Irish Mammals. 47 
extinct and recent mammals than Ireland; and what is significant 
of possibly a migration of the mammals of Scotland to Ireland, is 
the circumstance that with the solitary exception of the Ursus 
fossilis all the Irish recent and extinct species are also found 
North of the Tweed. 
The only Irish cavern that has hitherto produced any of the 
extinct mammals is that of Shandon, near Dungarvan, in the 
County of Waterford, successfully explored in the first instance by 
Mr. Brenan, and subsequently by Professor Harkness and myself. 
This highly suggestive rock cavity has proven the contemporaneity 
in Ireland of the Mammoth, Grisley Bear, Wolf, Fox, Horse, 
Reindeer, Reddeer, Alpine Hare, and a species of Swan,* 
whilst subturbary deposits probably associate the Irish Elk, Rein- 
deer, Reddeer, and Grisley Bear, as all of them have left their 
remains in the shell marl and clays. Cave explorations, however, 
would require to be further extended in Ireland before we can 
with certainty arrive at the conclusion that the above list repre- 
sent the entire roll of the lost mammals. 
CHIROPTERA. 
None of the Bats hitherto discovered in Ireland have been 
found in fossil states. Of no less than sixteen species recorded 
by Dobson and others from England, seven have been identified 
in Ireland and only three in Scotland. The Irish species are— 
Rhinolophus hipposideros, Vespurgo leisleri, Plecotus auritus, 
and Vespertilio pipistrellus, V. mystacinus, V. nattereri, V. 
daubentonii. 
INSECTIVORA. 
The only Irish Insectivora are the Hedgehog and Pygmy 
Shrew,t neither of which have occurred in fossil states, whilst 
the common and water shrews and mole are absent although 
found in Scotland and England. 
* Vide Transactions Royal Irish Academy, vol. xxvi., p. 187. 
+ Thompson’s Nat. History, vol. i., p. 4, refers to the reputed capture of the Sorex 
vulgaris by the Ordnance Survey collectors, but the discovery has not yet been confirmed by 
subsequent finds. 
