~ On the Recent and Extinct Irish Manmals: TL 
The first upper true molar is apparently of the left side 
there are 7 to 8 disks developed. It iy entire, and contains 
11 to 12 plates, besides an anterior and posterior talon, in about 6 
inches, with a maximum breadth of crown of nearly 2 inches. 
The other molar is from the right maxilla apparently, and holds 
11 plates, besides 2 talons, in about 6 by 2 inches, It has 8 disks 
in wear. 
The thinness of the enamel layers, their parallelism, absence of 
crimping of the macheerides, ridge formula, and relative breadth 
of crown, as compared with other species, clearly indicate typical 
molars of the Mammoth. 
Like the Shandon specimen, the above was a young Elephant 
The Mammoth was therefore contemporaneous in Ireland with 
the Horse, Reindeer, Red Deer, Grisley Bear, Wolf, Fox, and Alpine 
Hare, and also in all probability with the Irish Elk. 
A Mandible with teeth in situ was found in making the harbour 
of Holyhead. 
Neither the Ancient nor the Southern Elephants have been 
hitherto recognised from Irish strata. 
UNGULATA. 
THE HORSE (Zquus caballus). 
That a species of feral Horse was indigenous to Ireland during 
the sojourn of the Mammoth, Reindeer, Bear, Wolf, &c., is demon- 
strated by the discoveries made in the Shandon Cave, Co. Water- 
ford. Further, on the authority of the late Mr. Thompson, of 
Belfast, as quoted by Professor Owen in the British Fossil 
Mammals, teeth have turned up from time to time in deep 
deposits under bog and in drift gravel near Downpatrick, Newry, 
Antrim, and near Broughshane.* 
Through the kindness of Dr. Collins of the Anatomical Museum, 
Trinity College, I have been enabled to examine a nearly entire 
fossilized skull minus the mandible, of a small horse in the 
museum of Trinity College. According to Dr. Collins, the 
specimen is from Irish deposits, and he is inclined to believe 
that it was found near Dungarvan, but unfortunately this 
statement wants verification. It presents all the characters of 
*British Fossil Mammals, p. 391. 
