72 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin. Society. 
skulls of horses from European post pliocene deposits, and the 
teeth show also the peculiar crimping of the enamel, in particular 
the biplication of the macheris on the inner aspect of the 
crown of the upper molars, a character, I believe, considered by 
Mr. Busk to be distinctive of the Equus caballus, and not seen 
in molars of any recent species of Asinus. This skull shows the 
relatively greater breadth at the middle of the nasals, which are 
prominent, and the malar and maxillary bones also protrude, 
presenting thereby a proportionally larger and coarser shaped 
head than in the domesticated animal, thus approaching the 
fossil feral horses. Wherever the locality may have been from 
whence this specimen was derived, I have no hesitation in re- 
garding it in the light of a veritable fossil, and I therefore append 
a few measurements of importance. The pre-maxillaries and 
nasals are partly wanting, so that the entire length is not deter- 
minable. 
1. From the margin of the vertebral foramen to the anterior margin 
of the first premolar, : - : . 12°7 inches. 
2. Breadth at the glenoid cavities of eanainle, - - Sn fain” 5 
3. Breadth of skull at the posterior margins of the orbits, . 00s 
4. Greatest breadth of forehead, . 6 . . Spear hte! Top 
5. Height of occipital crest, : . - : vs 
6. Breadth of occipital condyles, . 2 Remes koner 
The apex of the frontal is Se ae and at arly one inch in 
front of the anterior margin of the Srbie 
The brain cavity is large, with pronounced parietal bulging, as 
compared with several skulls of domesticated horses and donkeys 
whilst the occipital crest is not so prominent as in the former. 
The molar series is 6°5 inches in length. 
Millimetres, 
Thelp.m, . 5 ‘ : 36 by 25 
De pentles | : - . - : 30 by 25 
Sigs ee ; : - : - 26 by 25 
1m, - : . : : : 24 by 25 
2 m., : > F - : : 24 by 22 
3 m., - . . 25 by 18 
This skull, as pope with crania oe domesticated varieties, 
indicates an animal about 12 hands in height. I have shown 
elsewhere that the Shandon bones give the relative height of 
their owners about 14 hands at the withers.* It would seem 
* Report Shandon Cave, Op. Cit. p. 216. 
