78 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
the contemporaniety of the Reindeer and Ivish Elk in the island. 
I refer to the finding of the horns (Plate 1, Fig. 1) in the bog 
of Ballybetagh, near Kiltiernan, in the Dublin Mountains, in 
1847:* on which occasion about thirty heads of the Irish Elk 
were also discovered in the same lacustrine clay, marl, and sand 
under the peat. 
The deposit in which the remains were found underlies bog 
and occupies an upland hollow, and the strata are made up of 
clay, gravel, and marLt 
The horns present the same slender beam as in the foregoing, 
and at the maximum girth are 43 inches. The burr is also, as in 
the last, prominent; and it may be remarked that the same was 
noticed in some thirty to thirty-five heads of the elk from the 
above deposit, as if the animals had perished at or about the rutting 
season, when the horn is in its prime. Then, as is well known in 
the case of recent deer, the stags, maddened by excitement, are 
exceedingly bold and venturesome, and likely to rush blindly to 
their destruction in pursuit of the hind, or a rival on the opposite 
shore. 
Each horn in Fig. 1 measures 3 feet 34 inches in length. The left 
brow antler is fully developed, and has from six to seven points 
directed more or less downwards, whilst its opposite tine is 
dwarfed to a mere tubercle. 
The specimen is in the Museum of Science and Art. 
3. Three horns, two of which are shed antlers, are in the Museum 
of Science and Art. They are from the banks of the Shannon, 
near Limerick, and are said to have been discovered during ex- 
cavations in the bed of that river. 
All represent the aforenoticed slender beam rownd and twist- 
ing gracefully. 
4, There isa shed antler in the Museum of Trinity College 
from Loch Gur, county Limerick. It is a good instance of the 
typical horn of this variety of Reindeer, being slender and round, 
without much disposition to palmation of the beam, which alto- 
* 1878. Mr. Williams, Bird Stuffer, Dame-street, Dublin, showed me an antler 
of reindeer with a fragment of cranium attached, discovered by him lately in this bog 
along with eleven crania of the Irish Elk. 
+ Moss, Proc., Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 2, Series 2, p. 547. Oldham, Jour. Geol. 
Soc., Dublin, Vol. iii., p. 258. 
