-On the Recent and Extinct Irish Mammals. 79 
gether is fully 3 feet 6 inches round the curve and about 8 feet 
in a linear direction. 
Another specimen from the same locality in the collection has 
a portion of the calvaria attached. It is precisely of the same 
configuration as the foregoing. The details of this discovery have 
not been preserved, but Dr. Carte asserts that they were found 
along with the Irish elks remains.* 
5. An entire cranium, including the mandible, was discovered 
in 1861 near Ashbourne in county Dublin. 
This superb head is admirably illustrated in Dr. Carte’s 
memoir.t The stratagraphical conditions under which it 
was found are stated by him to the effect that the above, and 
other bones, possibly the rest of the skeleton, were found at a 
depth of about five feet from the surface below turf and clay, 
and that they “lay on marl and blue clay.” 
The antlers in this instance appear to have attained to the 
largest dimensions of a fine old male reindeer. The beams, as in 
the foregoing, are long, round, and slender, with a pronounced 
disposition to palmation towards their extremities. The usual 
irregularity in the number of points in opposite horns is well 
seen. 
The left brow antler is palmate with seven points, whilst the 
right is a long curving snag like that of the reddeer.t Each 
antler is 3 feet 7 inches round the curve, and 2 feet 9 inches in a 
linear direction. The greatest span of the horns is 2 feet 11 
inches. The burr, as usual in all the extinct deer from Irish 
sub-turbary deposits, is here well developed, and what is rarely 
observed in fossil crania is that the perishable ethmoid bone is 
well preserved. 
The skull is almost entire and indicates a full grown male. 
The following are a few of its measurements :—From the 
* Jour. Geol. Soc., Dublin, vol. x., p. 166. 
+ Idem Plate vii. 
¢ The left antler would seem both in the Reindeer and Irish Elk, indeed in all antlered 
deer, to be generally larger than the right, either in the beam or its branches. This 
was pointed out tome by my friend Mr. Davies, r.c.s,, of the British Museum, in the 
specimens of C. megaceros in the National Collection, and I find it is of general applica- 
tion. Might the enlargement be owing to the left horn being oftenest used to pro- 
tect the heart? 
