82 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
distinct periods, the more recent of which might extend down 
to the human occupation. This, however, requires stronger 
evidence before it can be said that the Reindeer in Ireland, as in 
Scotland, was contemporary with man. 
Its remains have been therefore found in conjunction with the 
Trish elk, the red deer, horse, mammoth, wolf, fox, grisley bear, 
hare (Lepus variabilis) and an Anser. It was doubtless plenti- 
ful in Ireland as in England where it has been recognised in no 
less than twenty-six different localities, and it is said to have 
been a native of Scotland in even historical times as late as 
WeDo! 
THE RED DEER (Cervus elaphus.) 
The Red Deer seems to have been not only plentiful but was 
widely distributed over the Island. It is the only one of the 
wild ungulate contemporaries of the mammoth that has survived 
in the Island. Like the Irish Elk its remains are found in de- 
posits under bog, and in the latter also where the Irish Elk’s 
remains have not been discovered, to the best of my knowledge. 
Although individuals of the Red Deer attained to larger dimen- 
sions than the present race, on the whole it appears to me trom 
comparisons that the Red Deer remains, as met with in the brick 
earths of the Thames valley and elsewhere in Englandt and 
Scotland, belonged to a larger stock than is represented by the 
Irish specimens from turbaries and caverns. 
Of numerous specimens preserved in public and private col- 
lections, one of the largest heads and horns I have seen is in the 
possession of Beverly Kelly, Esq., of Lisfennel, Co. Waterford, 
It was found at Killonford Bridge, near Dungarvan, in mud at a 
depth of five feet. The cranium is 17 inches in length. The 
greatest length of the antler in a straight line is 31 inches: it 
has 14 snags on each beam, with a span between the opposing 
antlers of 35 inches, and a girth of burr of 63 inches. 
The Rev. Professor Haughton, F.R.S., describes remains of Red 
® Boyd Dawkins’ “‘ Cave Hunting.” 
+ Owen, Brit. Fossil Mammal, p. 472, and British Museum Specimens, 
