86 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
From the foregoing,and comparisons between them and the Post 
Tertiary mammals of Great Britain, excluding in both instances 
the volant and marine species, it appears that out of 28 
living land mammals affecting England and Wales, 26 are like- 
wise indigenous to Scotland, and 14 to Ireland, whilst out of 32 
extinct species hitherto recorded from England and Wales ten 
have been found in Scotland and only seven in Ireland. Now 
all the mammals of Ireland and Neotland are found in England, 
and, with the single exception of the Ursus fossilis, all the Irish 
living and extinct mammals have also been met with in Scotland; 
and such as the mammoth, reindeer, Irish elk, and horse, have 
been found in strata of the same age in Lanarkshire, Ayrshire, 
Renfrewshire, and the bed of the Clyde. A mandible of the 
mammoth was dredged up in the harbour of Holyhead, and a 
skeleton of the Irish elk is recorded from the Isle of Man. Now 
had there been a direct Jand communication between southern 
England and Ireland when the lions, hyenas, great cave bears, 
rhinoceroses, hippopotami, and many other mammals affected 
south-western England, the probability is that they would have 
pushed into Ireland. But whilst no trace of them is met with, 
remains of such hardy vagrants as the grisley bear, mammoth, 
reindeer, horse, wolf, and fox, which had in the first place in- 
vaded southern Scotland, are found at various points through- 
out the length of Ireland. Thus the evidence indicates a migra- 
tion of the Irish fauna from north-western England and south- 
western Scotland. Again, the absence of the slow-travelling mole 
and other local species, together with the amphibian and repti- 
lian evidence furnished by Thowpson,* seem to me to still further 
strengthen the belief that the land communication between Great 
Britain and Ireland at the close of the Glacial Period was 
neither extensive nor probably of long duration. 
* Report British Association, 1840. 
« iA 
4. ares 
Silitiacinne 
