Mining Operations in the Kast Ovoca District. 213 
ment of the lode in the Ovoca valley of 384 fms. ; this flucan is 
best seen in the Tigroney mines, where all the principal levels 
have been driven on it for a considerable distance, some of them for 
more than 100 fms. Most of the old levels which were driven in 
the lode were taken down in the great fall which occurred in this 
mine about 15 years ago, and consequently new levels (“safety 
levels”) had to be driven in the north ground, or foot-wall of the 
lode. The flucan, which principally consists of tender, decompos- 
ing clay slate and soft, white, unctuous clay, offered considerable 
facilities for the driving of the new levels, the surrounding coun- 
try being of a very hard nature. The parts of these which have 
been driven in the flucan can be easily seen in the plan of Tigroney 
Mine on the accompanying map (Plate 12). The Deep Adit (A) 
is driven in from the river, until it intersects the flucan, along 
which it is then driven for 64 fms., from which point a cross-cut 
southward of 11 fms. cuts the lode. The deeper levels are driven 
up in a similar manner from Williams’s shaft to under this point 
in the Deep Adit, where they turn off from the flucan, and are 
driven in the lode. This flucan averages two fms. wide, bears 
N. 28° E, and dips eastward at 70°. One hundred and twenty 
fms. eastward there is a reversed fault, which, in the vicinity of 
the Baronet’s shaft, heaves the lode 13 fms. to the right hand; it 
underlies eastward at 45°, coming to the surface on Tigroney 
brow. This fault is well shown in cross section No. 3. Further 
eastward, at the boundary between Tigroney and Cronebane, the 
lode is shifted by a N. 40° E. left hand displacement of 20 fms. ; 
from the plan it will be seen that the reversed fault lengthens the 
lode as much as it loses by the N. 40° E. left-hand heave. 
Still further eastward the lode is cut off by the western boun- 
dary of the “ Dead Ground,” which underlies west at 50°. The 
great sulphur lode varies in width from a few inches to 11 fms., 
and averages about 5 fms.; it is more or less wedge-shaped, the 
hanging wall being more perpendicular than the foot-wall. 
In West Cronebane there is, on an average, a depth of 6 fis. of 
drift over the lode, under this is found a ferruginous breccia 
(angular pieces of the country rock cemented by iron) resting on 
the gossan, which here is limonite, nearly all of which was taken 
out during the demand for iron ore a few years ago. The gossan 
and breccia thins out, going westward, until, eventually, on 
Scien. Proc., R.D.S., Vou. 11., Pt, It. Q 9 
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