216 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
caunter lodes occur in the almost perpendicular joints which 
traverse the country rocks; when they join into the cake-like 
masses they form T shaped veins, which contain copper ore of a 
higher per-centage than the true lodes. All these lodes afford 
fissile chalcopyrite associated with quartz and killas. The killas 
always occurs in laminz, while the quartz often forms a sort of 
gangue, 
Dead Ground. 
The great sulphur lode in West Cronebane is cut off towards 
the east by the “ Dead Ground,” as previously stated, and is not 
again found profitable until East Cronebane is reached, at a dis- 
tance of 300fms. In the strike of the lode, however, in both 
mines, extending respectively eastward and westward, for a con- 
siderable distance after they become unprofitable, are veins of 
soft ground with strings of the ore; so that the actual width of 
ground supposed to be without the sulphur lode is about 200 fms. 
In this ground (Cronebane Hill), dead as regards the sulphur lode, 
occurs the previously mentioned “Grass level” lodes. 
In the south-eastern flank of this hill, a mineral channel extends 
for 150 fms. west from Yellow Bottoms shaft, and in it four or 
five E. and W. lodes occur. J. To the westward is the Raddle 
lode ; this is perpendicular and 2 fms. wide at surface, narrowing 
to 1 fm. at the old 33 or Cronebane level; near the surface, or 
forming a back for 15 fms. im depth, is a very arenaceous Raddle, 
the sandy matter predominating; below which the vein is filled 
with whitish felspathic clay, locally called “ white ground,” and 
occasional strings of chalcopyrite. JJ. Blue Burrows lode— 
This is 2°5 fms. wide at surface, narrowing to 2 fms. at the old 
33 level; it has a gossan or back of limonite extending for 5 fms. 
in depth, under which is found blue steatitic clay (“soft ground,”) 
with strings of melaconite and fahlerz, and at a depth of 12 fms. 
iron pyrites in connexion with chalcopyrite, and sphalerite; but 
at the old 33-fm. level pyrites appear to predominate. This lode 
dips south at 70°, and has not been proved below the old 33 
level, but evidently in depth it will make a sulphur ore lode. Recent 
explorations would go to prove that this lode and the Discovery 
lode, on which there are “ old men’s’ workings, may be part of 
the same lode. It also seems not improbabie that this lode may 
