to 
24 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
lode has been proved for 135 fms. from the brow of Ballycapple 
Hill eastward, where it is heaved southward by a left-hand dis- 
placement of afew fms.; while 20 fms. east of this displacement 
the lode is cut by a N. 10° W. head that underlies to the east. 
East of the N. 10° W. head the lode is continuous for about 50 
fms., where it meets with a right-hand displacement (reversed 
fault), which lengthens the lode. From the “reversed head” the 
lode is continuous for 135 fms., at which point it is displaced by 
the “ middle head,” a distance of 200 fms. 
Between the N. 10° W. head and the middle head the lode 
was in places extensively worked by the “old men;” their work- 
ings, that are known, being four large circular pits called the 
Clash pits,* and an adit level driven in from the south capable 
of unwatering them to a depth of 12 fms. The works seem to 
have been stopped abruptly, as this level although within a few 
fms. of the pits never holed them. 
Within the last three years two shafts were sunk west of the 
“yeversed head,” proving a standing lode 4 fms. wide for a depth 
of 7 fms.; these two shafts were connected by a level, and 800 
tons of ore extracted. Sixty-six fms. east of the “reversed head” a 
shaft was also sunk for 6 fms.; in it the lode was vertical for 
4 fms., and 3 fms. wide, after which it dipped south at 70°, and 
the ore increased in width and quality. In Ballard lower to the 
east of the middle head the lode seems to extend E. for 100 
fms. Here iron ore was also extracted; there being the remains 
of four circular pits; but no mining has been carried on during 
later years, and nothing further is known about the lode. 
The bearing of the portions of the lode in Ballycapple and 
Ballard is about E. and W. The gossan, as far as known, 
is a powdery, dark-brown ochre in which large tumblers of chaly- 
bite occur; the ore itself contains a large per-centage of mag- 
netite, and gives about 56 per cent. metallic iron, and 4 per cent. 
manganese. 
* The Clash pits were worked for iron ore over 200 years ago; there is a tradition in the 
country that copper ore was also found. They probably received their name from Bally- 
naclash, generally, called Clash (in the Glenmalure valley), where there was an iron furnace 
and works, and to which place the ore was carried on horseback. 
