256 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
( Formby and 
. Coarse flesh-coloured sand, ee : 
-~ Leasowe Marine 
3 
4. Yellow Sand, 
Beds. | 
5. Peat with stools of trees ¢2| Superior peat- | 
situ, § and-forest-bed. | Post-Glacial 
6. Recent silt containing Scrobicularia piperata im 
situ (showed interesting examples of cross 
laminations at all angles, with partings of | 
comminuted peat). J 
. Sand containing Tellina, Turritella, &c., forming shore of the 
-1 
River Mersey. 
Nos. 3 and 4 were divided from each other in places by a bed of peaty 
matter a few inches in thickness, which I consider of no 
geological importance. 
It is quite evident that the gulley, as shown in these sections, 
could not have been excavated by the stream under present con- ~ 
ditions of level of land and water. The inference from this and 
numerous other examples which it is not necessary to detail here, 
is that when the gulley was excavated in the Boulder-clay the 
land stood higher than at present. At Dove Point, Cheshire, was 
to be seen, and probably still is, a land surface corresponding to 
this period (see section M to N, Detail sheet of Sections in Post- 
Glacial Geology of Lancashire and Cheshire), with the Scrobicularia 
clays (Formby and Leasowe Marine Beds) lying upon it, and above 
that another land surface representing the Main beds of peat with 
stools of trees 17 situ. 
If we follow out the chain of events of which these remains are 
the consequences we shall find that the gullies in the Boulder-clay 
and rock and the Lower or Inferior peat represent a period of 
elevation of the land (of undetermined extent), the Marine silts a 
period of depression, and the Main or Superior peat bed’ another 
period of comparative elevation, as proved by the Submarine 
forests on the coasts of Lancashire and Cheshire, and the recent 
silts a snbsequent and final depression. 
All these former land movements IJ consider are clearly estab- 
lished by the evidences of various sections I have had the oppor- 
tunity from time to time of personally inspecting. Of the limits 
ot their horizontal extension it is impossible to speak with so 
much certainty, but, from the numerous examples of peat beds 
