A Problem for Ivish Geologists in Post-Glacial Geology. 257 
and stools of trees found at almost évery estuary in Great Britain, 
from the Land’s End to the Orkney Islands, and from similar 
examples to be found in Ireland and on the coast of France, two of 
the movements must have heen very widespread. 
The problem I would wish to place before Irish Geologists is this 
—Are there evidences of land movements, similar to those [have 
described on the West Coast of England, to be found in Ireland ? 
and if so, to what extent? 
No very detailed account of the Post-Glacial deposits of the 
estuaries of Ireland has come under my notice ; but I trust that 
when attention has been called to this subject it may be worked 
in amore systematic manner ; as it is probable much light would 
thereby be thrown on the period of time subsequent to the 
Glacial era. 
’ Mr. Kinahan, in his Manual of the Geology of Ireland, in a 
chapter on “ Submerged land and forests,” mentions various ex- 
amples of peat with tree-stools ti si/w occurring below high-water 
mark, and states that on the East Coast different beaches of this 
age (the 12ft. beach) lie on the submerged peat, proving that 
the twelve-feet beach was formed more recently than the sub- 
mergence.” As Professor Hull and Mr. Kinahan adopt a different 
classification of the raised beaches, it is not always easy to 
identify them, but I presume the “ twelve-feet beach ” of Kinahan 
is “the continuation of the twenty-five-feet beach of Scotland” of 
Hull.* Mr. Kinahan also refers to a submerged bog, “discovered 
by Dr. C. Farran at Clonca, near Dungarvan, after one of the 
highest tides known in the country.” “ Here are the remains of an 
ancient pine forest, miles in length, now usually covered with 
many fathoms of water.” 
I think it extremely probable that these submerged forests of 
Treland are synchronous with the Main or Superior peat-and- 
forest-bed -of Lancashire and Cheshire. This often has, as in 
Wallasey Pool, the site of the present Birkenhead Docks, a con- 
siderable depth of recent marine silt lying upon it, in which we 
find horns of the red deer, bones of cetaceans, and other mam- 
malian remains. The surface of this silt is so little raised above 
ordinary high-water level that it must have been laid down ap- 
proximately at the present levels of land and water. As we go 
* Physical Geology and Geography of Ireland. 
