378 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
LANUD. 
America. Europe. 
Lanius ludovicianus* var. excubitoroides.  Lanius excubitor.* Linn. (Great Gray 
Baird. Shrike.) 
Western North America, to a little east 
of the Mississippi river; south to 
Texas, and nearly all Mexico. 
The wings are shorter, and the tarsus 
longer, than in ZL. excuditor, and the 
nasal tufts are bordered with hoary 
white. (Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway.) 
Northern Europe. The British Isles, 
Holland, Scandinavia, Germany, 
Russia, Northern France; more rarely, 
according to Lord Lilford, in Spain ; 
and in Switzerland and Northern 
Italy. (Dresser.) 
FRINGILLID.©. 
Pinicola enucleator.* (L.) Cab. 
British North America, and south to the 
United States, even sometimes as far 
as Philadelphia where it occasionally 
occurs in some numbers. 
It can hardly be separated from the 
European bird especially the western 
specimens ; there is a slight difference 
in size, and the plumage of the 
Americans is perhaps a little brighter. 
Pyrrhula cassini.* Baird. 
One found at Nulato, Alaska, 10 Januy., 
1876 (Dall), and several flocks met 
with by Capt. Everett Smith near 
Ulukuk. Closely allied to P. major of 
Europe. (Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- 
way-) 
Loxia curvirostra.* Linn. 
Var. Americana. North America gene- 
rally. Var. Mexicana. Mountainous 
regions of the Southern United States, 
Mexico, and south to Guatemala. 
Both varieties very closely resemble the 
European bird; the chief difference is 
in the bill, which in Var. Mexicana, 
isstouter, especially the lower mandible. 
In Var. Americana, especially eastern birds, 
it is much slighter than in either of 
the others. (Baird, Brewer, and 
Ridgway.) 
Lowia leucoptera.* Gm. (American white- 
winged Crossbill. ) 
British North America and Greenland. 
In the east it comes as far south as the 
United States, even to Philadelphia. 
(Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway.) 
Pinicola enucleator.* (L.) Cab. (Pine Gros- 
beak.) 
According to Mr, Dresser it is found in 
Northern Europe, southwards rarely 
to France (Degland and Gerbe) ; 
Southern Germany, Bohemia (Fritsch). 
Northern Asia, migrating southwards 
in winter. Mr. Harting, in his hand- 
book, records several as occurring in 
England and Scotland, and one in 
Ireland, near Belfast. (Thompson, 
Nat. Hist. Irel. Birds, Vol. i., p. 275. 
Pyrrhula major.* C. L. Brehm. (Northern 
Bullfinch. 
Northern and Fastern Europe. Norway, 
Sweden, Russia, &c., and south im 
winter to Germany, Holland, Belgium, 
Southern Russia, and even Greece. 
(Dresser.) 
Loxia curvirostra.* Linn. (Crossbill.) 
Northern Europe. South in winter to 
the southern limits of the continent. 
Majorca, abundant, (Saunders.) Malta, 
(Wright.) Northern Asia, Afganistan, 
(Hutton.) Japan, (Siebold.) 
Loxia leucoptera. 
According to Newton's Yarrell it has 
been occasionally taken in Britain, 
viz.: one at Belfast, 1802 (noted by 
the Linnean Society); one killed near 
Worcester, 1836 (H. E. Strickland) ; 
one killed froma flock by Mr. Seaman, 
of Ipswich (7: Mr. Hoy); one at 
Exmouth, 1845 (Fritton) ; one at Great 
Yarmouth, 1870 (Gurney); one at 
Jedborough, 1841 (R. Gray.) <A 
flock seen near Banff, 1859 (CT. 
Edward. ) 
