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Catalogue of Birds found in Europe and America, 379 
FRINGILLIDZ—continued. 
America. 
Linota linavia.®  (L.) 
Fringilla linaria. Linn. 
L. borealis. Vieill and Bp. 
Greenland, British North America, and 
south as far as Philadelphia. (Baird, 
Brewer, and Ridgway.) 
Linota hornemanni.*  Holboll. 
L. canescens, Bp. 
Greenland. 
Linota exilipes.* Coues. 
Continental Arctic America. South in 
winter as far as Mount Carroll, Illinois. 
(Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway.) 
Europe. 
Lozxia bifasciata.* C. L. Brehm. (European 
White-winged Crossbill.) 
North-Eastern Europe and Siberia. It 
has several times been taken in Great 
Britain and twice in Ireland, viz.: 
once at Belfast, January, 1802 
(Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ir. Birds, Vol. 
i. p. 283.) Once in the county of 
Dublin, July or August, 1868 (Blake 
Knox, Zool. 1868, p. 1876.) It is 
closely allied to L. leucoptera, but is 
rather larger with a more powerful 
bill; the scapulars and central back 
feathers are more broadly edged with 
brown or red in the males, and the tail 
is less forked, its feathers seldom losing 
the light margins as in L. leucoptera 
(Newton’s Yarrell.) 
Linota linaria.* Linn. (Mealy Redpole.) 
Of the genus Linota Mr. Dresser says, 
“Few groups present more difficulty 
= working out than do the Redpoles. 
* * * J was at first inclined to 
treat them all as one species, for they 
certainly do run into each other in a 
most perplexing manner; but I am 
now convinced that Professor Newton 
is correct in keeping them separate, 
for they certainly do range into four 
races or forms which it is most con- 
venient to treat as distinct species.”’ 
(Birds of Europe.) I have here fol- 
lowed this arrangement. 
The present species is found throughout 
all Northern Europe, from Great 
Britain to Siberia, straggling as far 
south as the shores of the Mediterranean. 
(Dresser. ) 
Linota rufescens.* Vieill. (Lesser Redpole.) 
L. linaria, Bp. 
Great Britain, Holland, Belgium, France, 
and Spain. Its range is thus very 
limited. (Newton’s Yarrell.) 
Linota hornemanni.* Holbéll. (Arctic Red- 
pole.) 
According to Newton’s Yarrell (Part X., 
p. 144), it has occurred in Iceland, 
(Hancock) ; Spitzbergen (Eaton) ; one 
taken at Abbeyville (Degland); and 
one at Whitburn, 1855. (J. Hancock.) 
Linota exilipes.* Coues. (Stone Redpole.) 
North-Eastern Europe. Norway and 
Russia (Dresser.) Archangel (Alston 
and Beown.) Lower Petchora (Brown 
and Secbohm.) 
