410 
Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
LARD A—continued. 
America. 
Pagophila eburnea.* Phipps. 
Coast of Arctic America, Labrador, and 
Newfoundland. (Baird, Cassin, and 
Lawrence. } 
Common in Greenland. (Newton.) 
Not yet found in the North Pacific. 
(Howard Saunders. ) 
Rissa tridactyla.* Linn. 
Labrador and the fur countries. (Baird, 
Cassin, and Lawrence.) 
Very common in Greenland. (Newton.) 
Down as far as the middle United 
States in winter ; found on the Pacitic 
coast of the fur countries. (Dresser. ) 
‘« Rxamples are occasionally found about 
Alaska, and the Aleutian Islands, with 
a minute but tolerably developed hind 
toe, and at times, with a visible nail.” 
(Howard Saunders. ) 
Larus glaucus.* Briinn. 
Arctic region, south as far as Long Island 
in winter. (Howard Saunders.) 
Conimon, and breeds in Greenland. 
(Newton.) 
Larus leucopterus.* Faber. 
Even more thoroughly Arctic, during 
the breeding season than L. glaucus. 
Breeds within the Arctic circle from 
Greenland to Behring’s Straits, also 
in Alaska. (Howard Saunders.) 
Arctie Seas, Labrador and Baffin’s Bay. 
(Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence.) 
Very common, and breeds in Greenland. 
(Newton. ) 
Larus argentatus.* Briinn. 
A very rare straggler to Greenland. 
Was obtained at Winter Islands near 
Melville Peninsula, occurs in Hudson’s 
Bay Territory as far as the Mackenzie 
River, and probably across to the 
Pacific coast, where it has occurred 
at Kodiak. West coast of Mexico. 
Probably also, according to Dall and 
Europe. 
‘and Morocco. Distinguished by its 
very long central tail feathers, and by 
having only the first and second 
primaries white-shafted. 
Payophjla eburnea.* Phipps. (Ivory Gull.) 
A few have been taken in England and 
Scotland, and about six in Ireland, 
according to Mr. Harting 
Dresser says it is found in Arctic Europe 
and Asia. It is a rare straggler to 
Germany. One was taken on the 
Lake of Geneva. (Nauman.) It is 
also accidental in France. (Degland 
and Gerbe. ) 
Rissa tridactyla.* Linn. 
Gull.) 
Arctic regionand along the sea coast of the 
sub-Arctic region, down to about 40° 
N. lat.; breeding perhaps even in the 
Canaries according to Godman. In 
winterit is abundant about the Azores, 
Canaries, and opposite Coast of Africa. 
(Howard Saunders, P.Z.S., 1878, p. 
164.) 
(Kittiwake 
Larus glaucus.* Brinn. (Glaucus Gull.) 
Arctie region, seldom breeding much to 
the south of the Arctic circle. 
Captain Blakiston obtained specimens at 
Hakodadi, Japan. (Howard Saunders.) 
In Britain it is a winter visitor, chiefly 
to the north of Scotland. (Harting.) 
It occurs in Portugal, and has done so 
once near Tangier, according to Colonel 
Irby. (Dresser.) 
Larus leucopterus.* Faber. (Iceland Gull.) 
Arctic Europe, occurring in the Baltic; 
Danish and Norwegian coasts; 
Holland; and according to Degland 
and Gerbe, at Dunkerque. (Dresser.) 
An uncommon winter visitant to Britain. 
(Harting. ) 
Captain Blakiston obtained a specimen 
in Japan. (Howard Saunders.) 
Larus argentatus.* Briinn. 
Gull.) 
Throughout Northern and Central Eu- 
rope, eastward into Russia, and during 
the winter season throughout Southern 
Europe, the Azores, Canaries, and 
Madeira. North Africa, Palestine 
Malta, and the Ionian Islands haye 
also been given as its habitat, but 
(Herring 
