436 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
lands of Southern India. Animals and plants of distinctly Hima- 
layan types can only have forced their way to these isolated 
peaks when the cool climate of the intervening country admitted 
of their migration; with advancing heat they betook themselves to 
the peaks and so became cut off from their original connection. 
Mr. W.T. Blanford in the recently published manual of the 
Geology of India has pointed out that boulder beds of somewhat 
similar character to that of Talchir age are found in other Indian 
and Himalayan formations, and suggests that they may perhaps 
indicate the existence of cold climates during their deposition. 
They are :-— 
1. In Transition rocks of uncertain age in Jessalmir, where a 
striation of underlying formations was observed. 
2. Silurian? Slates at Pangi, S.E. of Kashmir, which contain 
boulders in great numbers. 
3. Boulders in clay, supposed to be upper cretaceous, in the 
Salt range. One block was found to be polished and striated in 
a very characteristic manner on three faces. 
I do not propose to make any attempt to explain how such 
epochs of great and abnormal cold have been caused in past 
periods of the earth’s history. With such questions Physicists 
and Astronomers are the proper persons to deal. To the geolo- 
gist falls the task of observing facts and phenomena, and drawing 
what appears to him to be the legitimate deduction from them. 
I believe I am correct in saying that allof my colleagues who 
have had an opportunity of studying the Talchir boulder bed 
are now unanimous in accepting Mr. Blanford’s theory of its 
origin. 
In conclusion, I have only to say that in the preparation of 
this statement I have freely availed of the published views on 
the subject by my colleagues and other sources of information 
which may be regarded as the common property of the Geo- 
logical Survey of India. 
